Comprehensive analysis of phytochemical, vitamin, antioxidant, proximate, and mineral profiles of Ipomoea batatas methanolic leave extract
Keywords:
Free radical scavenging, Ipomoea batatas leaf, Minerals, Nutrients, Phytochemicals
Abstract
The phytochemicals, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and proximate composition of methanolic leaves extract of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas cultivated in Sheda Science and Technology Complex (Shestco) staff quarters, Abuja were examined through established analytical techniques. The free radical scavenging method with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The analysis for phytochemicals showed that the methanolic leaves extract contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, and tannins. The proximate analysis results revealed ash contents (10.30%), fat (3.61%), fiber (11.55%), protein (12.40%), carbohydrates (50.71%), and caloric value (284.93 Kcal/100 g). The mineral content included potassium (4344.27 mg/100 g), sodium (53.31 mg/100 g), calcium (550.09 mg/100 g), magnesium (259.38 mg/100 g), copper (7.08 mg/100 g), zinc (9.14 mg/100 g), iron (44.79 mg/100 g), lead (0.08 mg/100 g), phosphorus (563.4 mg/100 g), chromium (2.65 mg/100 g), and manganese (14.63 mg/100 g). The results also indicated that the methanolic leaves extract contains different vitamins, with vitamin C having the highest amount of 28.52 mg/100 g and vitamin B1 showed lowest of 1.06 mg/100 g. The I. batatas leaves' phytochemical showed 89.21% capacity to neutralize and prevent free radicals and reactive oxygen species through the DPPH test at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. The findings showed that the methanolic extract of I. batatas leaves is reach with vital nutrients and a wide range of secondary metabolites, indicating its potential for medicinal purposes and development as therapeutic agents.
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References
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41. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology (11th edn.). 2006, Elsevier Saunders.
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2. Kumar D, Kumar S, Bhadana NK, Singh B, Shekhar C. Vegetables: Source of Adequate Health Henefits; Ann Horticult. 2020; 13(2): 124-130.
3. Akindahunsi AA, Salawu SO. Phytochemical screening and nutrient/antinutrient composition of selected tropical green leafy vegetables. Afr J Biotechnol. 2005; 4(6): 497-501.
4. Austin DF, Staples GW, Simão-Bianchini RA. Synopsis of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the Americas: Further corrections, changes, and additions. Taxon. 2015; 64(3): 625-633.
5. Mbouche Fanmoe MJ, Tatsadjieu Ngoune L, Ndjouenkeu R. Ipomoea batatas leaf powder from Cameroon: Antioxidant activity and antihyperlipidemic effect in rats fed with a high-fat diet. J Lipids. 2021; 1-11.
6. Pochapski MT, Fosquiera EC, Esmerino LA, dos Santos EB, Farago PV, Santos FA, Groppo FC. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the crude leaves’ extract from Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Pharmacognosy Mag. 2011; 7(26): 165-170.
7. Carvalho IS, Cavaco T, Carvalho LM, Duque P. Effect of photoperiod on flavonoid pathway activity in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Leaves. Food Chem. 2010; 118(2): 384-390.
8. Majid M, Nasir B, Zahra SS, Khan MR, Mirza B, Haq I. Ipomoea batatas L. Lam. ameliorates acute and chronic inflammations by suppressing inflammatory mediators, a comprehensive exploration using in vitro and in vivo models. BMC Complem Altern Med. 2018; 18(216): 1-20.
9. Panda V, Sonkamble M. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam): A review. Int J Res Phytochem Pharmacol. 2012; 2(1): 25-34.
10. Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Springer Science & Business Media, 1998.
11. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Official method of analysis. (15th edn.). J Med Plants Res. 2003; 4(4): 212.
12. Ibrahim MI, Abubakar S, Alkasim SM, Olime MN, Ndukaire VO. Assesment of Nutra¬ceutical Profiles and FTIRS Analysis of Celosia argentea (L.) Aqueous Leave Extract. Trends Pharmaceut Sci. 2024; 10(3): 223-234.
13. Datti Y, Ibrahim MI, Salihu MI, Abdulhad MM, Muhammad SM, Abubakar SA, et al. Mineral Content, Proximate Composition and the antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract of Hyphaene thebaica L. from Gezawa Town, Kano State, Nigeria. Asian J Appl Chem Res. 2020; 6 (2): 33-40.
14. Okwu DE, Ndu CU. Evaluation of the phytonutrients, minerals and vitamin contents of some variations of yam (Dioscorea spp.). Contin J Mol Med Adv Sci. 2006; 2(2): 199-203.
15. Okwu DE. Phytochemical and vitamin content of indigenous species of southeastern Nigeria. J Agricult Environ. 2004; (6): 30-34.
16. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel Wissenschaft Technologie. 1995; (28): 25-30.
17. Enechi CO. Phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory potential of flavonoid-rich fraction of biter leaf extract. J Plant Biol. 2017; 7(2): 231-235.
18. Amirkia V, Heinrich M. Alkaloids as drug leads: A predictive structural and biodiversity-based analysis. Phytochem Lett. 2014; 10: xlviii-liii.
19. Babu PVA, Liu D. Flavonoids and cardiovascular health. In: Complementary and alternative therapies and the aging population 2009: 371-392. Elsevier.
20. Shah BA, Qazi GN, Taneja SC. Boswellic acids: A group of medicinally important compounds. Nat Prod Rep. 2009; 26(1): 72-89.
21. Zore GB, Thakre AD, Jadhav S, Karuppayil SM. Terpenoids inhibit Candida albicans growth by affecting cell integrity and arrest of cell cycle. Phytomedicine. 2011; (18): 1181-1120.
22. Houghton PJ, Mensah AY, Iessa N, Hong LY. Terpenoids in Buddleja: Relevance to chemosystematics, chemical ecology and biological activity. Phytochemistry. 2003; (64): 385-393.
23. Chung KT, Wong TY, Wei CI, Huang YW, Lin Y. Tannins and human health: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1998; 38(6): 421-464.
24. Savage GP. Saponins. In: Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2003: 5095-5098. Elsevier.
25. Ndukwe OK. Comparative evaluation of the phytochemical and proximate constituents of OHA (Pterocarpus soyauxii and Pterocarpus santalinoides) leaves. Int J Acad Res Prog Educ Develop. 2013; 2(3): 2226-6348.
26. Ekuagbere AO. Chemical, mineral and amino acid composition and functional properties of calabash seed. Chem Class J. 2007; 24-36.
27. Brosnan J. Interorgan amino acid transport and its regulation. J Nutr. 2003; 133(6): 2068-2072.
28. Lintas C. Nutritional aspects of fruits and vegetables consumption. Options Mediterran. 1992; (19): 79-87.
29. Ekop AS. Determination of chemical composition of Gnetum africanum (AFANG) seeds. Pak J Nutr. 2007; 6(1): 40-43.
30. Ishida H, Suzuno H, Sugiyama N, Innami S, Todokoro T, Maekawa A. Nutritional evaluation of chemical components of leaves, stalks, and stems of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas Poir). Food Chem. 2000; 68(3): 359-367.
31. Asibey-Berko E, Tayie FAK. Proximate analysis of some underutilized Ghanaian vegetables. Ghana J Sci. 1999; (39): 91-92.
32. Nwaogu LA, Ujowundu CO, Mgbemena A. I. Studies on the nutritional and phytochemical composition of Amaranthus hybridus leaves. Bio-Resources. 2000; 4: 28-31.
33. Hassan LG, Umar KJ, Tijjani AA. Nutritional value of balsam apple (Momordica balsamina L.) leaves. Pak J Nutr. 2006; 5(6): 522-529.
34. Ibrahim MI, Abubakar S, Yahaya MI, Hafsat SM. Preliminary analysis of nutraceutical profiles of Ficus capensis fruits. Malaysian J Halal Res. 2024; 7(2): 51-55.
35. Idris MO. Medicinal characteristics of secondary plant metabolites. J Herbal Med. 2010; 3(2): 123-135.
36. Ngaski MM. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of Cassia siamea leaves (M.Sc. dissertation). 2006, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.
37. Chuku EC, Ugorji JH. Determination of levels of some nutrients and antinutrients in five selected vegetables in Niger Delta. Scientia Afr. 2012; 11(1): 130-142.
38. National Research Council. Recommended dietary allowances. 1989, National Academy Press.
39. Turan M, Kordali S, Zengin H, Dursun A, Sezene Y. Macro and micro mineral content of some wild edible leaves consumed in Eastern Anatolia. Acta Agricult Scandin Sect B Soil Plant Sci. 2003; 53(3): 129-137.
40. Adesuyi AO, Elumm IK, Adaramola FB, Nwokocha AGM. Nutritional and phytochemical screening of Gongronema latifolium and Solanum nigrum from Nigeria. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2012; 1(3): 107-112.
41. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of medical physiology (11th edn.). 2006, Elsevier Saunders.
42. Adesina B. The role of B-vitamins in human health. J Nutr Biochem. 2006; 17(2): 123-131.
43. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine (5th edn.). 2015, Oxford University Press.
44. Khoddami A, Wilkes M, Roberts T. Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. Molecules. 2013; 18(3): 2328-2375.
Published
2024-12-29
How to Cite
(1)
Ibrahim, I.; Abubakar, S.; Kontongs, R.; Ahmad, U.; Muhammed, A.; Muhammmad, H.; Haruna, S. Comprehensive Analysis of Phytochemical, Vitamin, Antioxidant, Proximate, and Mineral Profiles of Ipomoea Batatas Methanolic Leave Extract. European Journal of Biological Research 2024, 14, 105-115.
Section
Research Articles
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