Evaluation of antiplasmodial effects of the ethanolic leaf extract of Salacia lehmbachii on Plasmodium berghei infected mice
Keywords:
Malaria, Salacia lehmbachii, Mice, Suppressive, Prophylactic, Curative
Abstract
Salacia lehmbachii leaves are used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria and other diseases. The ethanolic extract was tested for its activities against suppressive, prophylactic and established infections in Plasmodium berghei infected albino mice at dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; while chloroquine (10 mg/kg) was used as positive control. The extract exhibited significant dose-related antiplasmodial activities on parasites with the used-dose levels, showing significant mean survival time. The results, therefore, co-relate with claims by traditional users for the treatment of malaria and other feverish conditions; and could serve as source of potential new antimalarial agents.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Tilley L, Dixon MW, Kirk K. The Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells. Int J Biochem Cell. 2011; 43(6): 839-842.
2. Snow HW, Craig M, Deichmann U, Marsh K. Estimating mortality, morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa’s non-pregnant population. Bull World Health Organ. 1999; 77: 624-640.
3. Alilio MS, Bygbjerg IC, Breman JG. Are multilateral malaria researches and control programs the most successful? Lessons from the past 100 years in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 71: 268-278.
4. Winstanley PA. Chemotherapy for falciparum malaria: the armoury the problems, and the prospects. Parasitol Today. 2000; 16: 146-153.
5. Mojab F. Antimalarial natural products: a review. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2012; 2: 52-62.
6. Adebayo JO, Krettli AU. Potential antimalarials from Nigerian plants: a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011. 133: 289-302.
7. Corstiaen PC, Sosef SM. Revision of African genus Annickia. Syst Geogr Plants. 2007; 77: 146-152.
8. Essien AD, Akuodor GC, Essien EA, Asika EC, Chilaka KC, Nwadum SK. Evaluation of antipyretic potential of the ethanolic leaf extract of Salacia lehmbachii Loes. Asian J Med Sci. 2015; 7(2): 22-25.
9. Essien AD, Essiet GA, Akuodor GC, Aja DO, Thomas EE. Studies on gastrointestinal properties of ethanolic leaf extract in Wistar rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2016; 10(20): 451-457.
10. Takem LP, Lawal BAS, Udia PM. Analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic root extract of Salacia lehmbachii. Brit J Pharmac Res. 2014; 4(18): 2172-2181.
11. Essien AD, Takem LP, Anele EI. In vitro cholinergic and acute toxicity evaluations Salacia lehmbachii. Int J Pharm Pharmac Res. 2015; 5(1): 200-207.
12. Essiet GA, Essien AD, Udoh FV, Essiet A. Anti-fertility effects of ethanol extract of Salacia lehmbachii root bark in Albino rats. J Adv Med Pharmac Sci. 2016; 8(4): 1-8.
13. Sofowora A. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 1993.
14. Mukherjee PR. Quality control of herbal drugs, an approach to evaluation of botanicals. 13th edn. Business Horizones Publishers. New Delhi, 2006: 419-459.
15. Ajayi AO. Antimicrobial nature and use of some medicinal plants in Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol. 2008; 7(5): 595-599.
16. Lorke E. A new approach for acute practical toxicity testing. Arch Toxicol. 1983; 54: 273-287.
17. Akuodor GC, Idris-Usman M, Ugwu TC, Akpan JL, Ghasi SI, Osunkwo UA. In vivo schizonticidal activity of ethanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium on Plasmodium berghei in mice. Ibinosina J Med Biomed Sci. 2010; 2(3): 118-124.
18. David-Oku E, Obiajunwa-Otteh JI, Akuodor GC, Essien AD. Evaluation of antimalarial potential of Icacina senegalensis Juss (Icacinaceae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014; 4(suppl. 2): 5819-5822.
19. Akuodor GC, Amos GM, Essien AD, David-Oku E, Akpan JL, Ezeokpo BC. Antimalarial potency of the leaf extract of Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D. Adams. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012; 5: 126-129.
20. Peters W, Robinso BL, Torey S, Rossier JC, Jefford CW. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. Annu Trop Med Parasitol. 1993; 87: 111-123.
21. Mbah CC, Akuodor GC, Anyalewechi NA, Iwunyanwu TC, Osunkwo UA. In vivo antiplasmodial activities of ethanolic extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Pharm Biol. 2012; 50: 168-194.
22. Mishra S, Sharma H, Mishra R, Gupta S. A review on antimalarial drug discovery and its screening method. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014; 8: 1288-1304.
23. Trigg PI, Kondrachine AV. The current global malaria situation. In: Sherman IW, ed. Malaria: parasite biology, pathogenesis and protection. Am Soc Microbiol Press, 1998: 11-22.
24. Ghildyal P, Gronhuag T, Rusten A, Skogsurd M. Chemical composition and immunological activities of polysaccharides isolated from the Malian medicinal plant Syzygium guineense. J Pharmacogn Phytother. 2010; 2: 76-85.
25. Otimenyin O, Umar M. Anti-inflamatory and analgesic activities of the ethanolic extract of the leaf of Syzygium guineense in rats and mice. IOSR J Pharm. 2012; 2: 33-36.
26. Frederich M, Tits M, Angenot L. Potential antimalarial activity of indole alkaloids. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102: 11-19.
27. Tadesse SA, Wubneh ZB. Antimalarial activity of Syzygium guineense during early and established Plasmodium infection in rodent models. Complem Altern Med. 2017; 17: 21.
28. Birhanu Z, Wuhab MA, Abula T. Antimalarial activity of Calpurnia aurea hydroalcoholic leaf extract in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. JPHOL. 2015; 2: 73-79.
29. Laurence DR, Bennett PN. Clinical pharmacology. 7th edn. Churchill Livingstone. UK Ltd., 1994.
2. Snow HW, Craig M, Deichmann U, Marsh K. Estimating mortality, morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa’s non-pregnant population. Bull World Health Organ. 1999; 77: 624-640.
3. Alilio MS, Bygbjerg IC, Breman JG. Are multilateral malaria researches and control programs the most successful? Lessons from the past 100 years in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 71: 268-278.
4. Winstanley PA. Chemotherapy for falciparum malaria: the armoury the problems, and the prospects. Parasitol Today. 2000; 16: 146-153.
5. Mojab F. Antimalarial natural products: a review. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2012; 2: 52-62.
6. Adebayo JO, Krettli AU. Potential antimalarials from Nigerian plants: a review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011. 133: 289-302.
7. Corstiaen PC, Sosef SM. Revision of African genus Annickia. Syst Geogr Plants. 2007; 77: 146-152.
8. Essien AD, Akuodor GC, Essien EA, Asika EC, Chilaka KC, Nwadum SK. Evaluation of antipyretic potential of the ethanolic leaf extract of Salacia lehmbachii Loes. Asian J Med Sci. 2015; 7(2): 22-25.
9. Essien AD, Essiet GA, Akuodor GC, Aja DO, Thomas EE. Studies on gastrointestinal properties of ethanolic leaf extract in Wistar rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2016; 10(20): 451-457.
10. Takem LP, Lawal BAS, Udia PM. Analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic root extract of Salacia lehmbachii. Brit J Pharmac Res. 2014; 4(18): 2172-2181.
11. Essien AD, Takem LP, Anele EI. In vitro cholinergic and acute toxicity evaluations Salacia lehmbachii. Int J Pharm Pharmac Res. 2015; 5(1): 200-207.
12. Essiet GA, Essien AD, Udoh FV, Essiet A. Anti-fertility effects of ethanol extract of Salacia lehmbachii root bark in Albino rats. J Adv Med Pharmac Sci. 2016; 8(4): 1-8.
13. Sofowora A. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 1993.
14. Mukherjee PR. Quality control of herbal drugs, an approach to evaluation of botanicals. 13th edn. Business Horizones Publishers. New Delhi, 2006: 419-459.
15. Ajayi AO. Antimicrobial nature and use of some medicinal plants in Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol. 2008; 7(5): 595-599.
16. Lorke E. A new approach for acute practical toxicity testing. Arch Toxicol. 1983; 54: 273-287.
17. Akuodor GC, Idris-Usman M, Ugwu TC, Akpan JL, Ghasi SI, Osunkwo UA. In vivo schizonticidal activity of ethanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium on Plasmodium berghei in mice. Ibinosina J Med Biomed Sci. 2010; 2(3): 118-124.
18. David-Oku E, Obiajunwa-Otteh JI, Akuodor GC, Essien AD. Evaluation of antimalarial potential of Icacina senegalensis Juss (Icacinaceae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014; 4(suppl. 2): 5819-5822.
19. Akuodor GC, Amos GM, Essien AD, David-Oku E, Akpan JL, Ezeokpo BC. Antimalarial potency of the leaf extract of Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D. Adams. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012; 5: 126-129.
20. Peters W, Robinso BL, Torey S, Rossier JC, Jefford CW. The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. Annu Trop Med Parasitol. 1993; 87: 111-123.
21. Mbah CC, Akuodor GC, Anyalewechi NA, Iwunyanwu TC, Osunkwo UA. In vivo antiplasmodial activities of ethanolic extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Pharm Biol. 2012; 50: 168-194.
22. Mishra S, Sharma H, Mishra R, Gupta S. A review on antimalarial drug discovery and its screening method. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014; 8: 1288-1304.
23. Trigg PI, Kondrachine AV. The current global malaria situation. In: Sherman IW, ed. Malaria: parasite biology, pathogenesis and protection. Am Soc Microbiol Press, 1998: 11-22.
24. Ghildyal P, Gronhuag T, Rusten A, Skogsurd M. Chemical composition and immunological activities of polysaccharides isolated from the Malian medicinal plant Syzygium guineense. J Pharmacogn Phytother. 2010; 2: 76-85.
25. Otimenyin O, Umar M. Anti-inflamatory and analgesic activities of the ethanolic extract of the leaf of Syzygium guineense in rats and mice. IOSR J Pharm. 2012; 2: 33-36.
26. Frederich M, Tits M, Angenot L. Potential antimalarial activity of indole alkaloids. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102: 11-19.
27. Tadesse SA, Wubneh ZB. Antimalarial activity of Syzygium guineense during early and established Plasmodium infection in rodent models. Complem Altern Med. 2017; 17: 21.
28. Birhanu Z, Wuhab MA, Abula T. Antimalarial activity of Calpurnia aurea hydroalcoholic leaf extract in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. JPHOL. 2015; 2: 73-79.
29. Laurence DR, Bennett PN. Clinical pharmacology. 7th edn. Churchill Livingstone. UK Ltd., 1994.
Published
2017-06-30
How to Cite
(1)
Essien, A.; Essiet, G.; Akuodor, G.; Nwobodo, N.; Akpan, J.; Utsalo, S. Evaluation of Antiplasmodial Effects of the Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Salacia Lehmbachii on Plasmodium Berghei Infected Mice. European Journal of Biological Research 2017, 7, 124-130.
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
