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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/index/oai
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/323
2020-07-25T21:49:27Z
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 1 (2018): January-March 2018; 1-6
Petrified Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius colony to strontianite
Yoshida, Naoto; Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
Murai, Rie; Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
Kiyoshi, Keiji; Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
2018-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/2
When biomass of the thermophilic bacteria Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius is brought into contact with a hydrogel containing sodium acetate and strontium, the biomass petrifies and hardens, becoming a mineralized thin film after incubation at 60˚C for 72 h. Analysis by energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction shows that the mineralized thin film is strontianite. This is the first report of biomass completely changing to strontianite. Strontianite of thermophilic bacterial origin may be formed in the hydrothermal oligotrophic environment of the deep subsurface.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1146702
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/3
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 1 (2018): January-March 2018; 7-13
Effects of cobalt and manganese on biomass and nitrogen fixation yields of a free-living nitrogen fixer - Azotobacter chroococcum
Orji, Justina; Federal University of Technology Owerri, Department of Microbiology, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Nigeria
Ngumah, Chima; Federal University of Technology Owerri, Department of Microbiology, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Nigeria
Asor, Hanna; Federal University of Technology Owerri, Department of Microbiology, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Nigeria
Anuonyemere, Anulika; Federal University of Technology Owerri, Department of Microbiology, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Nigeria
2018-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/3
The effects of different concentrations of cobalt and manganese on the biomass and the ability of Azotobacter chroococcum to fix nitrogen were investigated. In vitro trials were conducted in Jensen’s (nitrogen free) broth (half strength) under continuous air flow, incubated at ambient room temperatures for seven days. Results obtained showed that 12.5 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 50 mg/l, 100 mg/l, and 200 mg/l concentrations of cobalt and manganese respectively enhanced microbial growth of Azotobacter chroococcum concomitantly. However, nitrogen fixation was enhanced only at 12.5 mg/l and 25 mg/l concentrations for cobalt, and only at 12.5 mg/l concentration for manganese. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the specific growth rates and nitrogen fixations respectively, between the cobalt and manganese trials. Kinetic modeling revealed that nitrogen fixation was associated with biomass concentration, and not with cell mass growth.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1157098
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/4
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 1 (2018): January-March 2018; 14-20
Neurospora tetraspora D. Garcia, Stchigel & Guarro (= Gelasinospora tetrasperma Dowding) as a first record to Egypt
Moubasher, A. H.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut Universiy, P.O. Box 71526, Assiut, Egypt; Assiut University Mycological Centre, Assiut University, P.O. Box 71526, Assiut, Egypt
Abdel-Sater, M. A.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut Universiy, P.O. Box 71526, Assiut, Egypt; Assiut University Mycological Centre, Assiut University, P.O. Box 71526, Assiut, Egypt
Soliman, Zeinab; Assiut University Mycological Centre, Assiut University, P.O. Box 71526, Assiut, Egypt
2018-02-14 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/4
An interesting isolate of homothallic, ascosporic filamentous fungus having 4-spored asci, was recovered once from a non-rhizosphere soil sample collected from a grapevine plantation in the village of El-Khawaled, Sahel-Saleem city, Assiut. It was isolated on DYM agar plate at 25°C in June 2008. The isolate was identified phenotypically and genotypically as Neurospora tetraspora (= Gelasinospora tetrasperma) and was deposited in the culture collection of Assiut University Mycological Centre as AUMC no. 6784 and ITS gene sequence of the strain was deposited at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and assigned a GenBank accession number JQ425383. N. tetraspora is being recorded in the current work for the first time in Egypt. By this addition, the genus is now known in Egypt by four species. A key is provided for the four species.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1165603
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/5
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 1 (2018): January-March 2018; 21-25
The relevance of sebum composition in the etiopathogeny of acne
da Cunha, Marisa Gonzaga; Dermatology Discipline, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
Daza, Francisca; Dermatology Discipline, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
Filho, Carlos D. Apparecida Machado; Dermatology Discipline, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
da Veiga, Glaucia Luciano; Clinical Analysis Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
Fonseca, Fernando; Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
2018-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/5
Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease that develops around the hair follicle. Many are the interconnected etiopathogenic factors involved, among which we can mention the increase in levels of androgen hormones, sebum hypersecretion, follicular hyperkeratosis with microcomedo formation, the proliferation of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and the resulting inflammatory response. The way this bacterial growth occurs and how it is connected with the development of the inflammatory process have been themes of many clinical and experimental trials. Modifications in the sebum composition lead to a greater proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes that obstruct the follicular ostium and favor the formation of comedones. On the other hand, these modifications alter the follicular hydration and facilitate the proliferation of the P. acnes, which not only produces chemotactic factors but also releases lipase that oxidizes the squalene. The oxidized squalene induces the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and boosts the innate immunity of keratinocytes and sebocytes, thus generating the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the new concepts on the pathogenesis of acne.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1184139
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/6
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 1 (2018): January-March 2018; 26-33
Antioxidant potential of the farmer preferred selections of Solanum aethiopicum vegetable consumed in central Uganda
Sekulya, S.; Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda
Nandutu, A.; Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda
Namutebi, A.; Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda
Ssozi, J.; Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda
Masanza, M.; Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Uganda
Kabod, B.; Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Uganda
Jagwe, J. N.; Farmgain Africa Limited, Plot 1 Kimera Road, 2nd Floor Ntinda Shopping Mall P.O. Box 21717 Kampala, Uganda
Kasharu, A.; Coalition for Health Agricultural Income Networks, Plot 115, Busega, Kampala - Masaka, Uganda
Rees, D.; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
Kizito, E. B.; Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uganda Christian University, Uganda
2018-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/6
In addition to the rich micronutrient value, indigenous vegetables are regarded as possessing medicinal attributes. The Solanaceae family has over 1000 species worldwide, with a number of indigenous species originating in Africa. The most popular leafy vegetable in Uganda is the Solanum aethiopicum (Nakati). The objective of this study was to determine the selected phytochemical attributes, chlorophyll content, moisture content and total antioxidant activity of the farmer preferred selections within the landraces of Solanum aethiopicum leafy vegetable in Uganda. The antioxidant activity was achieved by screening the leaf extracts for their free radical scavenging properties using diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and ascorbic acid as standard. The ability of the extracts to scavenge DPPH radical was determined spectrophometrically at 517nm.The study showed that all the landraces had a high polyphenol and flavonoid content with SAS185/P/2015 containing the highest flavonoid content (3.16±0.06 mg QE/g fw). SAS1641/2015 showed the highest total polyphenol content of 7.79±0.27 mg GAE/g fw and also showed the highest vitamin C content. This contributed to the high total antioxidant activity of 2.79±0.01 and 5.43±0.02 mg AAE/g fw when using FRAP and DPPH methods respectively. SAS145/2015 presented the highest chlorophyll content of 19.69±0.01 mg/g dwb. All the landraces showed a high percentage moisture content that ranged from 82.66±0.35 to 84.21±0.48%. These results are of nutraceutical significance and hence confirm their usage as medicinal vegetables.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1195552
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/12
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 1 (2018): January-March 2018; 34-41
Comparative stem anatomy of four taxa of Calycanthaceae Lindl.
Paudel, Niroj; Division of Biological Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
Heo, Kweon; Division of Biological Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
2018-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/12
The anatomical character is potential value in Calycanthaceae for their taxonomic study. Four species of Calycanthaceae were collected for this experiment. The experiment was done using the resin methods for preparation of the permanent slide for anatomical studies. The anatomical character like two traces of the unilocular vascular bundle, in the primary vascular cylinder, contains four cortical vascular bundles in the stem, the unilocular structure of primary cylinder, the presence of numerous intercellular space in phloem, the presence of oil cell in the form of scatter in Calycanthus whereas small size in Chimonathus. Calycanthus possess boarder pit with circular aperture while Chimonanthus possess elliptical. The tracheid is a characteristic feature of the spiral band wider in Chimonanthus than that of Calycanthus and Sinocalycanthus. The noted sclerenchymatous cells are grouped of the colony which is a characteristic feature of Sinocalycanthus and Calycanthus but in case of Chimonanthus is the long chain with the layer of the cell. Collenchymatous cell was circular with an intercellular in Calycanthus; ovoid shape with the intercellular in Chimonanthus but in Sinocalycanthus is elongation with the minor regular shape. The different character of pith cells found in hexagonal and circular shape which is also distinguished feature in Calycanthaceae. The valu-able stem anatomical characters are the importance of their function, ontogeny, and phylogeny.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1199578
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 2 (2018): April-June 2018; 42-55
Diversity of inulinase-producing fungi associated with two Asteraceous plants, Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.) and Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) growing in an extreme arid environment
Khalil, Doaa M. A.; Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
Massoud, Mohamed S.; Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
Abdelrahman, Mostafa; Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 9808577, Japan
El-Zayat, Soad A.; Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
El-Sayed, Magdi A.; Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt; Unit of Environmental Studies and Development, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
2018-03-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/13
Inulinases are potentially valuable enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of plant’s inulin into high fructose syrups as sweetening ingredients for food industry and ethanol production. The high demands for inulinase enzymes have promoted interest in microbial inulinases as the most suitable approach for biosynthesis of fructose syrups from inulin. Arid land ecosystem represents a valuable bioresource for soil microbial diversity with unique biochemical and physiological properties. In the present study, we explored the fungi diversity associated with the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of two desert medicinal plants namely Pluchea dioscoridis and Pulicaria crispa growing in the South-Eastern desert of Aswan, Egypt. A total of 180 fungal isolates were screened based on their ability to grow on potato dextrose agar medium supplemented with 1% inulin. The isolated fungal colonies were morphologically identified according to cultural characteristics and spore-bearing structure. In addition, the inulinase activity of the isolated fungi was examined spectrophotometrically. Among these, Aspergillus terreus var. terreus 233, Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus aegyptiacus, Cochliobolus australiensis 447 and Cochliobolus australiensis exhibited high inulinase activity ranging from 5.05 to 7.26 U/ml. This study provides a promising source of microbial inulinase, which can be scaled up for industrial applications.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1205649
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/17
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 2 (2018): April-June 2018; 56-69
Optimization of kojic acid production conditions from cane molasses using Plackett-Burman design
Zohri, Abdel-Naser A.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Mahmoud, Ghada Abd-Elmonsef; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Saddek, Nermien H.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Medical & Applied Science College in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal - University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Hanafy, Radwa Adel; Sugar Technology Research Institutes, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
2018-03-22 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/17
Fungal synthesis of kojic acid has gained more interest in these days as an alternative way to chemical synthetic. The aspect of the microbial fermentation process is to develop a suitable culture medium to obtain the maximum amount of kojic acid using statistical methods. In this study; different selected three isolates of Aspergillus flavus (No 1, 2 and 3) were screened for their ability to produced kojic acid and the isolate No 3 was the highest kojic acid producer one. The capability of A. flavus No 3 to produce kojic acid was improved using Plackett-Burman design. From ten different agro-industrial wastes cane molasses recorded the highest kojic acid productivity with 2.24 g/l-1 day-1 and was the most effective parameter plays a crucial role in Plackett-Burman design. Maximum kojic acid production (24.65 g/l) by A. flavus (No. 3) obtained under the fermentation conditions: incubation temperature at 25oC, incubation time 9 days, pH 3, inoculum size 0.5%, shaking rate at 150 rpm and medium constituents: Cane molasses 60 g/l, yeast extract 7 g/l, KH2PO4 2 g/l, ZnSO4·7H2O 100 µg/l and MgSO4·7H2O 1 g/l with regression analysis (R2) 99.45% and 2.33-fold increase in comparison to the production of the original level (10.6 g/l).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1211517
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/19
2021-02-26T10:51:33Z
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 271-290
Scorpion venom: pharmacological analysis and its applications
Chaubey, Mukesh Kumar; Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate College, Gorakhpur - 273001, U.P., India
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/19
Scorpions belong to class: Arachnida, order: Scorpionida represented now by approximately 1500 species. These are one of the most ancient group of the animals on the earth conserving their morphology almost unaltered and are the most successful inhabitants of the earth. Scorpions when stimulated secrete venom which is a cocktail of variable concentration of neurotoxins, cardiotoxins, nephrotoxins, hemolytic toxins, phosphodiesterases, phospholipases, hyaluronidase, glucosaminoglycans, histamine, seratonin, tryptophan and cytokine releasers. According to an estimate, frequency of deaths caused by scorpion sting is higher in comparison to that of caused by snake-bite. Almost all of these lethal scorpions except Hemiscorpious species belong to scorpion family Buthidae comprising 500 species. Scorpion venoms show variable reactions in envenomated patients. However, closer the phylogenic relationship among the scorpions, more similar the immunological properties. Furthermore, various constituents of venom may act directly or indirectly and individually or synergistically to exert their effects. Scorpion stings cause a wide range of conditions from severe local skin reactions to neurologic, respiratory and cardiovascular collapse. Lethal members of Buthidae family include Buthus, Parabuthus, Mesobuthus, Tityus, Leiurus, Androctonus and Centruroides. Besides their lethal properties, scorpion venoms have some unique properties beneficial to mankind. These contain anti-insect, antimicrobial and anticancer properties and thus, can play a key role in the insect pest management programmes, treatment of microbial infection and in the treatment of various cancer types.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.998076
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 291-298
Comparison of biofilm-producing Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and unusual Enterococcus strains
Sieńko, Anna; Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15a Waszyngtona Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
Ojdana, Dominika; Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15a Waszyngtona Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
Majewski, Piotr; Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15a Waszyngtona Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
Sacha, Paweł; Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15a Waszyngtona Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
Wieczorek, Piotr; Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15a Waszyngtona Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
Tryniszewska, Elżbieta; Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15a Waszyngtona Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/20
The present study focused on determining the prevalence of biofilm-forming ability in Enterococ-cus faecalis, E. faecium, and unusual Enterococcus clinical isolates, and comparison of resistance and the prevalence of selected virulence factors among biofilm-positive strains. The ability to form biofilm was detected in 13.3% of E. faecalis, 90% of E. faecium, and 57.1% of unusual Enterococcus strains (p=0.026). All E. faecalis strains were susceptible to β-lactams, while 37.5% of unusual and all E. faecium isolates were resistant to these antibiotics. Resistance to gentamicin was detected in 75% of E. faecalis, 55.5% of E. faecium, and 25% of other strains; resistance to streptomycin in 25%, 83.3%, and 50%, respectively. Analysis of the virulence revealed that the enterococcal surface protein (esp) gene was found in all E. faecium, 75.0% of E. faecalis, and 37.5% of other strains; collagen adhesin gene (ace) in 100%, 25.0%, and 37.5%; and hyaluronidase gene (hyl) in 83.3%, 0%, and 37.5%, respectively. Analysis of the resistance and virulence patterns showed that E. faecium isolates had the greatest variety of virulence and resistance determinants, while the lowest variety was exhibited by unusual strains. These findings indicate that unusual biofilm-producing Enterococcus strains have lower resistance and virulence potency than E. faecalis and E. faecium.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1000837
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 299-308
Fungal diseases on tomato plant under greenhouse condition
Sanoubar, Rabab; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
Barbanti, Lorenzo; Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - Bologna University, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/21
The cultivation of crops in the greenhouse is the most intensive form of horticultural production. Greenhouse climatic conditions provide an ideal condition for the development of many foliar, stem and soil-borne plant diseases. Diseases are a major limiting factor for vegetable that cause serious yield reduction leading to severe economic losses. Fungi enter plants through natural openings such as stomata and through wounds caused by pruning, harvesting, hail, insects, other diseases, and mechanical damage. This chapter provides an overview of the most important diseases of tomato plants. Some of the diseases that will cover in this chapter are the follow: Early blight late, Septoria leaf spot, Late blight, Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, Anthracnose, Buckeye rot, and Southern blight. For each disease, main symptoms and disease development are described. This review is based on combined information derived from available literature and expertise knowledge.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1011161
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 309-314
Management of fungal plants diseases
Ghanney, Nadia; National Institute of Agronomy, Tunis, Tunisia; Arid Land Institute, Medenine, 4119, Tunisia
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/22
Plant diseases that can affect yield and quality of field crops everywhere around the world are numerous. Fungal parasites are by far the most prevalent plant pathogenic organisms. To develop, all components of the disease triangle must be present. These components are a susceptible host crop, a plant pathogen able to infect the host crop, and an environment that favors disease development. Management practices aiming to reduce plant diseases affect specific components of the disease triangle. They need to be combined to limit more than a single component, an approach known as integrated disease management (IDM). Integrating different tools leads to better disease reduction and decreases selection pressures. Knowing that pathogens are affected by selection pressures when certain individual management practices are over-used, and this can result in new “races” of the pathogen or fungicide-resistant strains of the pathogen being selected. The continual and indiscriminate application of chemical fungicides has caused health hazards in animals and humans due to residual toxicity. Recently, several synthetic fungicides have been banned in the western world because of their undesirable attributes such as high and acute toxicity. Nowadays, biological control is going to be the best alternative strategy for the control of plant diseases. However, other methods in IDM for crop disease control are still necessary in various environmental conditions. Consequently, for economic threshold, other control strategies of IDM besides/with biological control should be also applied to effectively reduce the disease development and the yield loss of crops in the different crop systems.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1012350
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/23
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 315-323
Statistical optimization as a powerful tool for indole acetic acid production by Fusarium oxysporum
Mahmoud, Ghada Abd-Elmonsef; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Mostafa, Hassan H. A.; Central Laboratory of Organic Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/23
Crop production is challenged in our world by increasing food demands, decrease natural resource bases and climatic change. Nowadays plant growth regulators works like fertilizers in increasing plant growth production efficiency and needed to produce in large industrial scale. Fermentation condition and medium constituents can significantly affect on the product production and designing an acceptable fermentation medium is critical importance. In this paper Fusarium sp. could be considered as promising indole-3-acetic acid producers with the ability to improve the production using statistical methods. The results showed that fermentation type, incubation temperature and L-tryptophan were the most influencing parameters on the production. Maximum IAA production by Fusarium oxysporum was 300.4 mg/l obtained under the fermentation conditions: temperature at 25oC, incubation period 5 days, pH 7, inoculums size 2%, shaking rate at 150 rpm and medium constituents: Glucose 40 g/l, yeast extract 3 g/l, L-tryptophan 1 g/l, KH2PO4 2 g/l, NaNO3 4 g/l, MgSO4·7H2O 0.1 g/l with regression analysis (R2) 99.67% and 2.12-fold increase in comparison to the production of the original level (142 mg/l).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1012348
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/26
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 2 (2018): April-June 2018; 96-104
Effect of selenium on nutritive value of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)
Gamal, Khedr F.; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Salama, Hoda Mohamed; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Ismaiel, Shimaa A.; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
2018-06-05 21:53:33
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/26
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) one of the auxiliary plants was traditionally consumed in many parts of the world for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. The nutrient components of purslane such as total protein, total carbohydrates and mineral content such as macro elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Cu, Pb and Zn) were estimated at different concentrations of selenium which treated in soil where the plant cultivated. The protein and carbohydrate contents of leaves as well as protein of stems increase with increasing the selenium concentration, while protein and carbohydrate of roots as well as carbohydrate of stems decrease with increasing Se concentration. The mineral content was also affected by Se concentration, Fe, Cu and Zn of leaves decreased with increasing Se concentration, while K, Ca, Mg and Na are directly proportional with Se concentration. In stems, Zn only is inversely proportional with Se concentration. In roots, Fe, Cu, Mg and K are inversely proportional with Se concentration, while Na, Ca and Zn are directly proportional. The findings of this study revealed that carbohydrates, protein and mineral contents of purslane can be affected and controlled by selenium concentration.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1283418
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/30
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 2 (2018): April-June 2018; 105-111
Histomorphological responses to aqueous crude leaf extract of Alafia barteri on prefrontal cortex, heart, kidney, liver and testis of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats
Aderemi, Adelakun Sunday; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Ogunlade, Babatunde; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Omotoso, Olunsegun Dare; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kogi State University Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
2018-06-06 21:21:37
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/30
Phytonutrients present in Alafia barteri leaves include antioxidants which serves to protect cells and tissues against detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals. This research work was targeted at investigating the activities of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Alafia barteri on the histology of the prefrontal cortex, heart, kidney, liver and testis of adult Sprague Dawley rats. Twelve (n=12) adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 170-200 g (4-6 weeks old) were used for this study; they were divided into 2 groups of six rats each. The control group A received 2 ml/kg normal saline and treated group B received 500 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of Alafia barteri for twenty eight days. The gross anatomical parameters of the selected organs and their histology were assessed. The gross anatomical and histological observation of the prefrontal cortex, heart, kidney, liver and testis revealed no visible distortion in Alafia barteri extract treated group when compared with control. Aqueous leaf extract of Alafia barteri thus has no deleterious effects on the histological profile of the prefrontal cortex, heart, kidney, liver and testis of the rats.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1284554
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/31
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 2 (2018): April-June 2018; 84-95
Pectin coating of titanium and polystyrene surfaces modulates the macrophage inflammatory response
Mieszkowska, Anna; Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Folkert, Justyna; Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Burke, Bernard; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Coventry, CV1 2DS Coventry, UK
Addison, Owen; Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 1C9, AB, Canada
Gurzawska, Katarzyna; Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
2018-05-21 22:52:11
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/31
en
Titanium has been used with success for bone anchoring of dental implants. However, when implant surfaces are exposed to the oral environment, the progression of peri-implantitis triggered by specific oral bacteria has been reported. Bacterial colonization of implants leads to prolonged immune cell activation and bone resorption. A new strategy to improve implant biocompatibility and prevent peri-implantitis is to develop pectin surface nanocoatings. These plant-derived polysaccharides are promising candidates for surface nanocoatings of titanium implants due to their osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of nanocoating with plant-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) on pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) induced by Escherichia coli LPS and Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. In the present study, two different types of surface materials, tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) plates and titanium (Ti) discs, coated with pectic polysaccharides, potato unmodified RG-I (PU) and potato dearabinanated RG-I (PA), have been examined. The inflammatory responses of HMDMs after E. coli LPS/P. gingivalis stimulation were investigated through gene expression measurements of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results showed that PU and PA decreased expression of the proinflammatory genes tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA), interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) and interleukin-8 (IL8) in activated HMDMs cultured on TCPS/Ti surfaces. In contrast, the effects on anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL10) gene expression were not significant. The results indicate that RG-Is should be considered as a candidate for organic nanocoatings of titanium implant surfaces in order to limit host proinflammatory responses and improve bone healing.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1250541
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/32
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 3 (2018): July-September 2018; 148-152
Independent distribution of blood group types and two genetically determined traits in a female population
Singh, Arvind Kumar; Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
Yangchen, Palmo; Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
2018-07-18 21:01:52
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/32
Certain traits in humans are known to be neutral in nature as they do not influence fitness of the individuals. Traits like ABO blood group, phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) tasting and ear lobe structure are genetically determined and follow Mendelian pattern of inheritance. Genes deciding their expression are situated on separate chromosomes and therefore would be certainly following independent assortment during gametogenesis. Data regarding association of these traits were collected from human female subjects to test whether blood group types show their dependency with other two features. An analysis in this regard clearly indicated that there exist no association between blood group type and PTC tasting and also between blood group and ear lobe structure.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1314731
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/34
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 3 (2018): July-September 2018; 131-137
Sodium fluoride: suggestive role in wound healing and cell proliferation with respect to regeneration
Yadav, Meena; Department of Zoology Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110 021, India
2018-07-15 11:02:07
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/34
Sodium fluoride is a naturally occurring toxicant. The most common sources of sodium fluoride are municipal water, toothpastes etc. The ever increasing exposure to sodium fluoride may affect various physiological processes including regenerative capabilities. The characteristic events of regeneration include wound healing followed by cell proliferation and differentiation to replace the lost structure or tissue. Lower levels of sodium fluoride may be enhancing wound healing and cell proliferation but higher levels are detrimental for both these processes. Sodium fluoride affects wound healing by altering the expression of various proteins like fibroblast growth factors 2 and 7, Twist1 protein, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 7, bone morphogenetic protein 7, Bcl-2, p53 etc. Sodium fluoride also influences cell division, migration and matrix synthesis by regulating the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 3, alkaline phosphatases etc. which are markers of cell proliferation. Excessive fluoride produces oxidative stress in the cells and leads to conditions like apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and even necrosis. Thus, high levels of sodium fluoride hamper the process of cell proliferation and induce apoptosis via caspase and JNK-mediated pathway. The aim of this review is to understand the role sodium fluoride plays during wound healing and cell proliferation and its correlation with regenerative capabilities in organisms.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1312397
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/41
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 3 (2018): July-September 2018; 121-130
Profile of major and emerging mycotoxins in sesame and soybean grains in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Fapohunda, Stephen O.; Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Anjorin, Toba S.; Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja, PMB117, Abuja, Nigeria
Sulyok, Michael; Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr, 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
Krska, Rudolf; Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenzstr, 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
2018-07-07 19:40:09
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/41
The spectrum of major and emerging mycotoxins in sesame and soybean grains from the six zones of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria was determined using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 47 samples (24 sesame and 23 soybean were collected from farmers’ stores. Seven regulated mycotoxins in sesame and five in soybean including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) were detected. However, concentrations were generally lower than regulatory limits set in the EU for raw grains with the exception of ochratoxin A (OTA) exhibiting a maximum concentration level of 23.1 µg kg-1 in one of the soybean samples. This is the first report concerning the contamination of sesame and soybean in Abuja, FCT-Nigeria with the emerging mycotoxins addressed by recent European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) opinion papers totalling 10 in number. These include beauvericin (BEA), moniliformin (MON), sterigmatocystin (STE), altertoxin-I (ATX-I), alternariol (AOH), alternariol methylether (AME) though at relatively low µg kg-1 range. This preliminary data indicate that sesame and soybean might be relatively safe commodities in view of the profile of mycotoxins.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1307184
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/44
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 2 (2018): April-June 2018; 70-83
Pesticides and food safety in Africa
Adewunmi, Annabella A.; Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishanremo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Fapohunda, Stephen O.; Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishanremo, Ogun State, Nigeria
2018-03-22 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/44
African countries have experienced nonconformance in the levels of pesticides for local consumption and export. Sometimes this leads to rejects and other forms of embarrassment from the importing countries. Economic challenge and lack of awareness heighten the overall cost of interventions in pesticide-related food safety management. For example, not a few of the infractions were a result of incorrect ways of pesticide application. The hazard accompanying chemical pesticide application has left open a window of biological alternatives which this review article seems to explore. The bio-alternatives, including green pesticides cancel out the adverse effect of residual chemicals on crops in farm and store and so make it more attractive.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1237542
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/54
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 3 (2018): July-September 2018; 138-147
Incidence of community acquired ESBL-producing bacteria among asymptomatic University students in Anambra State, Nigeria
Chukwunwejim, Chidimma R.; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
Eze, Peter M.; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
Ujam, Nonye T.; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
Abonyi, Isaiah C.; Department of Environmental Health Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Ejikeugwu, Chika P.; Department of Applied Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, Abakiliki, Nigeria
Abony, Dominic O.; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Esimone, Charles O.; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
2018-07-18 19:22:32
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/54
This study was conducted to investigate the incidence of community acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria among asymptomatic students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, South-East Nigeria. A total of 102 non-duplicate strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from fecal samples (n=273) collected from the participating students. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests to determine their antimicrobial resistance profile. Their multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices were also evaluated. Screening of the isolates for possible ESBL production was carried out by disk diffusion test using cefotaxime and ceftazidime disks. ESBL-production by the resistant strains was confirmed using the double-disk synergy test. Most of the isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant, as all K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains (100%), and 98.4% of the E. coli strains, had MAR indices ≥0.2. A total of 22 ESBL-producing bacterial species were confirmed, and the frequency of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolates among the ESBL-producing bacteria were n=20 (90.9%), n=2 (9.1%), and n=0 (0.0%) respectively. The total number of ESBL-producing bacterial strains isolated accounted for 8.1 % of the entire sample population. Although this prevalence rate may not indicate an alarming situation, it is important that the proliferation of ESBL-producing bacteria in the community be contained, since a high incidence of ESBL-producing organisms will create significant therapeutic problems in the near future. There is therefore need to develop strategies to reduce their spread in the community especially through monitoring, surveillance and proper detection protocol.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1314719
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/55
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 3 (2018): July-September 2018; 168-173
In vitro studies of iron absorption and activity of glutathione peroxidase in intestinal mucosa of the chicken
Markovs, Jurijs; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Galuza, Agate; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Basova, Natalija; Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Knipse, Gundega; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Vasiljeva, Svetlana; Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Smirnova, Galina; Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
2018-09-10 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/55
en
We examined the absorption of iron, the activity of selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GSH·Px) and cellular compartmentalization of metal in the chicken duodenum and ileum. The method of accumulating mucosa preparation (AMP) was used. It was shown that the intestinal iron accumulation is dose-dependent process, which has two components: transcellular and paracellular. The realization of these pathways is region-specific and depends on exposed iron levels. Slightly elevated iron status of intestinal mucosa does not influence activity of GSH·Px. At the same time the results indicate that the activity of glutathione peroxidase can be altered by iron overload. Immunohistochemistry revealed that stainable iron could be co-localized to the endolysosomal compartment. How the activity of enzyme can be affected by oxidative stress and competitive interactions of iron with selenium are discussed.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1412784
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/57
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 3 (2018): July-September 2018; 157-167
Biologically active phenolic acids produced by Aspergillus sp., an endophyte of Moringa oleifera
Abonyi, Dominic O.; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Eze, Peter M.; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Abba, Chika C.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Ujam, Nonye T.; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
Proksch, Peter; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
Okoye, Festus B. C.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Esimone, Charles O.; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
2018-08-28 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/57
This study investigates the secondary metabolites of an endophytic Aspergillus sp. isolated from leaves of M. oleifera growing in Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria. Antimicrobial and antioxidant screening of the fungal extract and isolated compounds, as well as cytotoxicity assay of the extract against cisplatin-sensitive A2780 (sens) and cisplatin-resistant A2780 (cisR) ovarian cancer cell lines were carried out using standard methods. Chemical investigations of the fungal extract involving a combination of different chromato-graphic methods and spectroscopic techniques were carried out to isolate and characterize the constituents of the extract. At a concentration range of 1-4 mg/ml, the crude extract of Aspergillus sp. showed mild antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. The fungal extract showed good antioxidant activity at 500 µg/ml, with an inhibition of 72.1%. Also, at 100 µg/ml, the extract showed excellent cytotoxic activity against A2780 (sens) and A2780 (cisR), with growth inhibitions of 105.1% and 105.5% respectively. Two known pharmacologically active phenolic compounds (p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and ferulic acid) were isolated from the fermentation extract of the endophytic fungus. At 250 µg/ml, ferulic acid exhibited an excellent antioxidant activity with an inhibition of 90.4%, while an inhibition of 35.4% was recorded for p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid. Ferulic acid also showed a mild antifungal activity at 500 µg/ml against A. niger with an IZD of 2 mm. p-Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid showed no antimicrobial activity. These results further confirm the potentials of endophytic fungi associated with Nigerian plants as source of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical or industrial applications.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1404981
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/66
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 324-336
Anthelminthic/larvicidal activity of some common medicinal plants
Sunita, Kumari; Human Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
Kumar, Pradeep; Department of Zoology, S.G.N Govt. P.G College Muhammadabad, Gohana Mau 276403 (U.P), India
Khan, Mohammad Aasif; Human Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
Sadaf, -; Human Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
Husain, Syed Akhtar; Human Genetics Lab, Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
Singh, D. K.; Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009 (U.P), India
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/66
The helminthic infection are most common disease in different animals and in human beings, which affecting a large proportion of the world population. Helminthic infection can also affect millions of livestock resulting in considerable economic loss in domestic animals. For control of helminthic disease in different part of world are uses synthetic medicines which are very effective in curing helminthiasis, but it’s also causes a number of side effects. The continued uses of synthetic anthelmintic/larvicidal drugs are also causing a major drug resistance problem in several parasitic diseases. The plant derived crude products are less efficient with respect to cure of parasitic diseases but one relatively free from side effect. A large number of medicinal plants are traditionally uses to cure helminthiasis in developing countries. Thus, plant derived drugs are gaining a lot of attention for curing parasitic infection. There are several medicinal plants and their different crude products, organic extracts and active components have been scrutinized for using in various methods in helminthic/larvicidal infection control. The present reviews summarized the use of traditional medicinal plants and their different products further leads to evaluation of new researches.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036819
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/68
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 3 (2018): July-September 2018; 153-156
Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium essential oil’s antifungal effect
Aydın, Sinem; Giresun University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Giresun, Turkey
Sevindik, Emre; Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Adnan Menderes University, South Campus, Cakmar, Aydin, Turkey
2018-08-16 20:53:42
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/68
This study was carried out with the aim of determining the antifungal effect of the essential oil isolated from Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium plant against pathogenic fungi. In order to test the antifungal effect of the oil, an analysis was conducted on a total of 4 pathogen fungi which included Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the effect of the essential oil on the growth of these fungi was investigated. The essential oil of A. millefolium ssp. millefolium had varying degrees of effect on the tested fungi. The highest antifungal effect was found against S. cerevisiae; whereas the lowest antifungal effect was found against C. parapsilosis. Nystatin showed a higher activity than the essential oil of A. millefolium subsp. millefolium against the tested fungi. MIC values of the essential oil against the tested fungi ranged from 1.25 μl/ml to 10 μl/ml. The results obtained indicate that essential oil of A. millefolium subsp. millefolium can be used as an alternative to antifungal agents such as amphotericin, ketoconazole, and fluconazole.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1346338
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/69
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 337-347
Mycological and enzymatic studies on fresh beef meat sold in Taiz City, Yemen
Abdel-Sater, M. A.; Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
Al-Sharjabi, F. A.; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Yemen
Al-Ashwal, Elham S.; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Yemen
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/69
The mycological analysis of 30 fresh beef meat samples on Czapek’s agar at 7º and 28ºC revealed that, heavily contamination with moulds was observed especially at 28ºC. A total of 234 and 400 colonies ⁄ 450 g meat were collected on both temperatures, respectively. Sixty-seven species belonging to 20 genera were identified. Members of Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium and Trichoderma were the most prevalent fungi. At 7°C was highly spoilage by yeasts fungi, while filamentous fungi predominated at 28°C. The ability of the common fungal isolates to produce protease and lipase enzymes revealed that most of them were positive. Among 152 isolates tested, 103 (67.8%) and 96 (63.2%) could respectively produce these enzymes. Because the deteriorative effects of the above fungi, food should be frequently and routinely analyzed. Also, it is essential to store the meat at lower temperature immediately after slaughtering and during transport and storage to reduce or prevent mould growth.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037238
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/70
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 348-359
Immunomodulatory and hematological effects induced by diclofenac, ibuprofen or paracetamol toxicity in Swiss albino mice
Gomaa, Soha; Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/70
Anti-inflammatory drugs (both COX-2 inhibitors and nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs = NSAIDs), paracetamol and opioid agents are associated with potentially different adverse events with varying degrees of efficacy. The present work was conducted to elucidate the haemato-immunological changes in mice when treated with diclofenac (Diclo), ibuprofen (Ibu) and paracetamol (Para). Mice were intraperitoneally administered with Diclo (7.4 mg/kg and 14.8 mg/kg), Ibu (60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg) or Para (36.7 mg/kg and 73.4 mg/kg) daily for one month against saline-treated mice served as control. Diclo administration (14.8 mg/kg) caused decrease in RBCs count, Hb content and Hct%, depending on dose toxicity, while paracetamol and ibuprofen treatment showed increase in RBCs count, Hb content and Hct%. Additionally, all tested drugs induced activities of IgM and C-reactive protein in serum and caused perturbations in absolute and relative weight of immune related organs. Further, Diclo and Para treatments reduced levels of IgG in dose dependent manner however, Ibu administration enhanced activities of IgG that was reduced with increasing dose of Ibu. And activities of serum complement component C3 was diminished after administration of tested drugs activating alternative complement pathway. The implication of this research is that long use of diclofenac, ibuprofen or paracetamol may cause immunotoxic and hematotoxic effects in mice; and the dose plus the duration of treatment may augment their toxicity probably due to immune modulatory effects. Further studies are needed to assess the relevance between Diclo, Ibu or Para treatment and immunological and hematological perturbations.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1041933
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/71
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 360-365
Isozyme variants in two natural populations of Lymnaea luteola
Singh, Arvind Kumar; Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, India
Yadav, Naveen; Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, India
Singh, Gurvachan; Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, India
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/71
Lymnaea luteola is a fresh water gastropod snail, inhabiting ponds and lakes of different parts of India. Two populations of L. luteola were collected from fresh water ponds of district Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) and analysed for their isozyme variants of Xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh) and Aldehyde oxidase (Ao) enzymes loci. Both enzymes were found to be represented by two distinct loci and each locus of an enzyme showed polymorphic appearance. Based on the electrophoretic variant data, level of heterozygosity was computed for each enzyme locus. Our analysis clearly reveals that L. luteola inhabiting in these two ponds have undergone enough genetic differentiation.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1045133
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/72
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 366-373
Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from children
Kot, Barbara; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 12 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
Piechota, Małgorzata; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 12 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
Jakubiak, Kinga; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 12 Bolesława Prusa Str., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/72
Yersinia enterocolitica is a foodborne pathogen which is primarily responsible for gastrointestinal infections. The presence of the virulence genes in Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from children and antimicrobial resistance was studied in this work. The PCR, biotyping and disc diffusion method were used for analysis of Y. enterocolitica strains. Most of Y. enterocolitica strains belonged to biotype 4 and all carried ail, myfA and ystaA genes. Most of them also had the plasmid yadA gene. These genes were also detected in the strains of biotype 2, while in the two strains of biotype 1A only myfA gene was found. The blaA gene was present in all the strains of biotype 4 and 2, while blaB in the strains of biotype 2 and in some of biotype 4 strains. The presence of β-lactamase genes in Y. enterocolitica was not detected in biotype 1A. All strains were resistant to ampicillin, 76.2% and 47.6% were resistant to ticarcillin and piperacillin, respectively. Two strains (9.5%) were resistant to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and aztreonam, three (14.3%) to chloramphenicol, four (19%) to amikacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, six (28.6%) to gentamicin. A few strains of Y. enterocolitica were multidrug resistant. The Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from the faeces of children suffering from diarrhea carried virulence genes and some of them were resistant to antibiotics used in extra-intestinal yersiniosis treatment.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1064835
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/73
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 4 (2017): October-December 2017; 374-381
Ingredients of popular fruit teas in Poland
Adamczak, Artur; Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland
Forycka, Anna; Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland
Karpiński, Tomasz M.; Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
2017-12-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/73
Fruit teas are very popular on the market of food products in many countries, due to their attractive taste and aroma as well as pro-health and medicinal properties. They are also characterized by the great wealth and diversity of composition. The purpose of this study was to analyze selected products based on the information contained on their packaging. The research included the most popular fruit teas widely available on the Polish food market, i.e. raspberry, cranberry and rosehip teas, 82 products in total. It was found that plant raw materials appearing in the tea names often constitute a small percentage of their composition, while hibiscus and apple occur very often and in the large quantities. The analysis of the content of the basic ingredient of raspberry and cranberry teas showed that they are characterized by a large diversity of quality. In addition to products with a relatively high amount of raspberry or cranberry (mean: 43.8 and 27.2%, respectively), there were teas with a very low level of these ingredients (mean: 7.5 and 1.6%). Against this background, rosehip tea has stood out positively. In this category of products, Rosa spp. hips, as a widely available plant raw material, most often obtained content above 30-40%.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175585
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/77
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 3 (2018): July-September 2018; 112-120
Resistance to ceftaroline - 2018 review
Ślusarczyk, Rafał; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Bielejewska, Ada; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce,
Bociek, Arkadiusz; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Bociek, Martyna; Faculty of Medical Science, Higher School of Economics, Law and Medical Science of Professor Edward Lipiński, Kielce, Poland
2018-07-03 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/77
Ceftaroline is a new fifth generation cephalosporin, active mostly against Gram-positive cocci, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). It is used in treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, community acquired respiratory tract infections and methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia. The main resistance mechanisms of bacteria to β-lactam antibiotics, including ceftaroline, are mutations in PBP2a, PBP3 and PBP4. Clinically significant resistance has been noted among both archived and newly-isolated strains in a laboratory test using serial passages. Ceftaroline-resistant strains have also been found in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, ventilator-associated pneumonia and infectious endocarditis. Irresponsible antibiotic treatment using ceftaroline or other antibiotics (due to a possibility of a cross-resistance) can lead to the spread of ceftaroline resistance and, consequently, its loss of value.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1304435
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/78
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 4 (2018): October-December 2018; 174-182
Capability of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for producing indole acetic acid (IAA) under extreme conditions
Yousef, Naeima M. H.; Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
2018-09-10 21:14:40
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/78
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) inhabiting the area around the plant roots or in plant tissues and stimulate plant growth directly or indirectly. Synthesis of the phytohormone auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is one of the direct effects of PGPR on plant growth. This study aimed to isolate and screen IAA producing bacteria from soil and study the impacts of the alkalinity and salinity on IAA production and total antioxidant activity of the highly IAA producing strain. From the fifteen isolates tested, six were selected as efficient IAA producer, from which one isolate was highly IAA producer. The highly producing isolate was identified based on molecular characteristics using 16S rRNA. The sequence analysis showed 99% similarity with Bacillus subtilis from GenBank data base. The strain yielded IAA in a wide range of pH (5-9), giving its maximum IAA production at pH 8. High IAA concentration was also observed in the presence of 0.5% and 1% NaCl in comparison with control (with no NaCl). Furthermore, the results indicated that, total antioxidant was increased in acidic (pH 5 and pH 6) and alkaline (pH 8) media, as well as in salinity up to 2%. This study could be stated as the prospective of IAA producing bacterial isolate in the field, as a result, using it as alternative valuable biofertilizer.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1412796
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/87
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 4 (2018): October-December 2018; 243-251
Degradation of surfactant and metal-removal by bacteria from a Nigerian laundry environment
Adekanmbi, Abimbola Olumide; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Oyeladun, Wasiu Oyekunle; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Olaposi, Adedolapo Victoria; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
2018-11-22 21:26:29
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/87
This study aimed at degrading sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), a surfactant in the presence of metals using metal-tolerant bacteria from a laundry site. Metal composition of wastewater and sediments from a laundry environment was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Paenibacillus amylolyticus BAL1 (PAB) and Bacillus lentus BAL2 (BLB), earlier reported to tolerate 1000 ppm SDS were screened for metal tolerance. The bacteria were employed in the simultaneous degradation of SDS and metal removal in a batch culture set-up containing SDS and metals for 14 days on a rotary shaker at 250 rpm. Residual SDS and metal concentrations were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and AAS. Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) were detected in both laundry wastewater and sediment while chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) were only detected in the sediments. The MICs of metals on PAB were: Cu and Zn (500 µg/ml), and Cd (100 µg/ml), while for BLB: Cu (500 µg/ml), Zn (400 µg/ml), and Cd (100 µg/ml). PAB degraded 49.90% of SDS and simultaneously removed 8.3% of Cu, 5.1% of Cd, and 6.6% of Zn, while BLB degraded 54.9% of SDS and simultaneously removed 3.1% of Cu, 39% of Cd, and 3.1% of Zn. A combination of the two bacteria led to 44.3% degradation of SDS, and removal of 11% of Cu, 7.7% of Cd, and 9.8% of Zn. Bacteria from this study possessed both SDS-degradation and metal-removing abilities, and could be useful in the bioremediation of wastewater co-contaminated by surfactants and metals due to their dual tolerance to both compounds.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1494292
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/88
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 4 (2018): October-December 2018; 183-190
Dynamics of oxygen consumption during the formation of the anoxic zone in aquatic environment
Rychert, Krzysztof; Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewskiego 22b, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
Mendrzejewska, Beata; Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewskiego 22b, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
Kiestrzyń, Anna; Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewskiego 22b, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
2018-10-03 22:28:33
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/88
Anoxic environments and communities of anaerobic organisms are encountered in aquatic environments and biotechnological reactors. Because of their importance, they are continuously studied. In this study, the dynamics of oxygen removal were observed during experiments reproducing the formation of the anoxic zone. Seven experiments were performed in an aquarium (volume: 60 l) with bottom sediments and water collected from different aquatic environments (river, pond, eutrophic lake, sea). To exclude reaeration, the water was isolated from the air by a layer of liquid paraffin. Below the paraffin layer the water was periodically mixed with a stirrer and sampled for oxygen concentration. Initially, a high rate of oxygen consumption was observed. Later, at low oxygen concentrations, the oxygen removal rate switched to a much lower one. Anoxic conditions were observed after 4-20 days of incubation, depending on the experiment. The point at which the microbial community converted from aerobic respiration to anaerobic metabolism was distinct and was observed at an oxygen concentration of 0.26-1.41 mg/l, depending on the experiment. The experiments were accompanied by bacterial counts and analyses of ciliate communities. The study indicates how the disappearance of oxygen during anoxic zone formation should be modeled, and provides data on the oxygen removal rates associated with aerobic and anaerobic communities of microorganisms.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1443571
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/90
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 4 (2018): October-December 2018; 191-213
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their various mechanisms for plant growth enhancement in stressful conditions: a review
Singh, Indranil; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior (M.P.), India
2018-10-10 23:09:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/90
The population has been rising in a rapid state and so is the demand of basic necessities like food requirements. Today agriculture demands increase in yield with a substantial decrease in chemical fertilizer and pesticides that are responsible for huge environmental degradation. Today a huge part of yield has been lost due to various stresses plant are subjected too. It could be broadly divided into biotic and abiotic stress. Meanwhile, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria has promised us a substantial agriculture development platform. These are generally a group of microorganism that is found either in the plane of the rhizosphere or above root impacting some positive benefits to plants. These stresses include but in no sense limited to ion toxicity, pathogen susceptibility, physiological disorder, salinity, temperature, flooding, pH etc. In response to the above-mentioned stresses plant with PGPR exhibits various sorts of response to handle these unfavorable conditions. They could be further divided into direct and indirect mechanics. PGPR has shown both synergistic as well as antagonist interaction with microorganism inhabiting in near surrounding to boost plant favorably. This review has tried to undertake all possible mechanism of PGPR along with reported studies for various possibilities through which sustainable agriculture development could take place. This review has tried to understand the mechanism to take PGPR at a commercial level under bio-fertilizer.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1455995
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/91
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 4 (2018): October-December 2018; 224-231
Anti-oxidant effect of Flemingia stricta Roxb. leaves methanolic extract
Biozid, Md. Shahrear; Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Alam, Mohammad Nazmul; Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Banglades; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abeden, Md. Jainul; Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Chowdhury, Ahmad Ibtehaz; Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Faruk, Md.; Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Ferdous, Khandoker Usran; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Nitul, Iffat Ara; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Rahman, Md. Masudur; Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
2018-10-23 21:48:07
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/91
Aim of the study was to evaluate the possible anti-oxidant activity of Flemingia stricta leaf extract. In antioxidant study, plant crude methanol extract was evaluated for 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power capacity. Moreover, total phenolic and total flavonoid content of plant extracts were determined and expressed in mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry sample (mg GAE/g dry weight). In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, methanol extract showed concentration dependent inhibition of the free radicals. IC50 of ascorbic acid and F. stricta leaves were 4.25 µg/ml and 320.47 µg/ml respectively. In case of reducing capacity, the methanol extract at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 µg/ml, the absorbances were 0.56, 0.92, 1.41, 1.76, 2.23, respectively. Total phenolic content was estimated by gallic acid and expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The methanol extracts contained a considerable amount of phenolic contents of 482±8.72 of GAE/g of extract and the total flavonoid content of the F. stricta leaf was estimated by using aluminium chloride colorimetric technique and found that the extract contained flavonoid content 340.625±4.50 of GAE/g of extract. These results suggested that the methanol extract of F. stricta Roxb. possess anti-oxidant activity.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1469767
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/93
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 4 (2018): October-December 2018; 232-242
Biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of some seaweeds from Red Sea coast, Egypt
El-Shazoly, Rasha M.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, 72511, Al-Kharja, New Valley, Egypt
Fawzy, Mustafa A.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
2018-11-06 21:01:35
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/93
en
The current study investigated the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of four seaweeds: Laurencia sp. (Rhodophyta), Cystoseira myrica, Hydroclathrus clathratus and Padina pavonica (Ochrophyta). The highest amount of carbohydrates was (215.78 mg/g dry wt.) in Laurencia sp. and proteins content was maximum (50 mg/g dry wt.) in Laurencia sp. and Cystoseira myrica. The highest values of free amino acid content were recorded in the brown seaweed species Cystoseira myrica (4.01 mg/g dry wt.). The pressurized hot water extract of Cystoseira myrica has the highest total phenolic content (1.61 mg GAE/g dry wt.). Cystoseira myrica contained the highest amounts of flavonoids (3.35 mg/g dry wt.), ascorbic acid (9.07 mg/g dry wt.) and α-tocopherol (27.25±0.00 abs. at 520 nm/g dry wt.). Furthermore, the ethyl alcohol extract of Cystoseira myrica showed high antioxidant capacities (541.6 mg/g dry wt.) and achieved the most powerful reducing ability among all of the different extracts of algal species. Statistical evaluation by Spearman correlation between the TAC assay and the total phenolic contents was found to be significant, but the correlation was nonsignificant between FRAP assay and the total phenolic contents. The composition of elements of the studied seaweed species was also analyzed. The most significant macro-elements present in the studied seaweeds were K, Na and Ca, representing that the seaweeds are good sources of these elements. Since, these seaweeds are widespread in the Egyptian waters, their biochemical composition and antioxidant capacities made them promising candidates for industrial, nutritional and pharmaceutical applications.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1478863
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/95
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 4 (2018): October-December 2018; 214-223
Heavy metal composition in the Plantago major L. from center of the Murmansk City, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Huber, Miłosz Andrzej; Department of Geology and Lithosphere Protection, Faculty of Earth Science and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2d Kraśnicka St., Lublin, Poland
Menshakova, M. Y.; Department of Natural Sciences, Murmansk Arctic State University, 6 Kommuny St., Murmansk, Russia
Chmiel, S.; Department of Hydrography, Faculty of Earth Science and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2d Kraśnicka St., Lublin, Poland
Zhigunova, G. V.; Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Murmansk Arctic State University, 15 Kapten Egorov St. Murmansk, Russia
Dębicki, R.; Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Earth Science and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2d Kraśnicka St., Lublin, Poland
Iakovleva, О. А.; Department of Russian Language, Slavian Philology Institute, Humanist Faculty, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq., Lublin, Poland
2018-10-12 23:09:02
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/95
Plantago major is an indicator of environmental pollution in the city. The plant grows along the traversed paths, close to the sidewalks. Contaminating substances accumulate on the leaves of the plantain. In the summer of 2016, samples of plants were collected in the central Murmansk region for analysis using a scanning electron microscope to identify dust particles on their surface, and to study leaves using the ICP-MS method to determination of heavy metals content. A relatively serious concentration of lead, zinc, copper, nickel as well as high arsenic and chromium content has been demonstrated in the city center, along with ties with human activities (vehicular traffic). High iron content is associated with peat soils used in the city for fertilization. The remaining metal content is relatively low.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1461064
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/102
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/102
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 1 (2019): January-March 2019; 10-19
Phenolics content, antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Algerian Malva sylvestris
Boutennoun, Hanane Messaoud; Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, PB 98, Ouled Aissa, 1800, Jijel, Algeria; Biomathematics, Biophysics, Biochemistry and Scientometry Laboratory, Life and Nature Sciences Faculty, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
Boussoufe, Lilia; Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, PB 98, Ouled Aissa, 1800, Jijel, Algeria; Biomathematics, Biophysics, Biochemistry and Scientometry Laboratory, Life and Nature Sciences Faculty, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
Kebieche, Mohamed; Microbiology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Algeria
Al-Qaoud, Khaled; Molecular Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan
Madani, Khodir; Biomathematics, Biophysics, Biochemistry and Scientometry Laboratory, Life and Nature Sciences Faculty, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
2019-01-21 21:49:17
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/102
Due to its expected low toxicity to human use, more attention is given worldwide to antioxidants of natural sources. Therefore, the extraction of the total phenolic compounds contained in the leaves of Malva sylvestris and the analysis of the polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins contents were carried out. The antioxidant activity of the hydro-methanolic extract of Malva sylvestris was investigated employing various established in vitro systems including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and the ferric reducing power assay. The antiproliferative activity of plant extract was tested against three tumor cell lines: MCF-7, Hep2 and WEHI using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Preliminary screening indicated the presence of substances with large therapeutic values: an important content of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins was detected in the tested extract. Our data showed that the extract exhibited high antioxidant properties, which were demonstrated by its ability to scavenge 76.11% of DPPH free radicals, and the elimination of 69.97% of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 125 µg/ml. In addition, the plant extract showed strong ferric reducing power which was a function of the sample concentration. For the antiproliferative activity, the results demonstrated that the plant extract significantly inhibited tumor cell growth and colony formation in a concentration-dependent manner. The toxicity percentage of extract at 125 µg/ml on MCF-7, Hep2 and WEHI was found in the order of 45.20%, 62.62% and 82.04%, respectively.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2545914
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/103
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 4 (2018): October-December 2018; 252-262
Community structure of mesofauna in the light of qualitative and quantitative research on soil mites
Błoszyk, Jerzy; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology AMU in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Napierała, Agnieszka; The Natural History Collections, Faculty of Biology AMU in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
2018-12-13 16:20:19
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/103
en
Research into structure and abundance of soil fauna communities should be based on material consisting of both qualitative and quantitative samples to provide reliable results. However, in practice it turns out that sometimes it is simply impossible to have both qualitative and quantitative samples. The study presents a comparative analysis of results obtained with qualitative and quantitative methods used in research into soil mites from the suborder Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata). The research was carried out in different regions of Poland. Both qualitative (sieving of soil and litter) and quantitative samples were collected in each of the examined ground plots. The results presented in the study show that zoocenological analysis based on both qualitative and quantitative samples gives similar results in the case of common and abundant species, and collecting 2 or 3 sievings in a given ground plot can be equivalent to large series of quantitative samples in faunistic research and monitoring of the environment. This stems from the fact that sieving of litter allow to obtain far more dense material than from quantitative samples. Due to the high density of sieving they contain more species and specimens, including specimens at different developmental stages found in the examined area. This type of sampling can be more efficient when the researcher needs a simple and fast method of collecting material for analysis, especially in the case of extensive research conducted in large areas, monitoring of changes in soil, as well as in taxonomic, biometric, biogeographical, and molecular research.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2248744
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/108
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 1 (2019): January-March 2019; 1-9
Therapeutic effect of fractionated by ultrafiltration red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) juice in rats with food-induced fatty liver
Babarykin, Dmitry; Institute of Innovative Biomedical Technology Ltd., Riga, Latvia
Smirnova, Galina; Institute of Innovative Biomedical Technology Ltd., Riga, Latvia; Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Salaspils, Latvia
Markovs, Jurijs; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga
Vasiljeva, Svetlana; Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Salaspils, Latvia
Basova, Natalija; Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Salaspils, Latvia
Simanis, Raimonds; Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
Viksna, Ludmila; Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
2019-01-15 20:57:25
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/108
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), being a component of metabolic syndrome, has increased (15-27%) in the industrialized world. The deep mechanism of this pathology is not clear, but it is multifactorial. There is a huge amount of food supplements and medicines with hepatoprotective effect on the market, but the NAFLD problem is far from being resolved. Hepatoprotective products have to provide wide spectra of biological effects, including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory action. It is peculiar to natural compounds, including red beetroot juice, which is well known to most of the population. This is important in view of the high prevalence of NAFLD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the curative effect of fractionated by ultrafiltration red beetroot juice in rats with food-induced liver steatosis.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2541075
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/111
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 1 (2019): January-March 2019; 20-28
Production and purification of extreme xylanase from Aspergillus flavus AUMC 10331 in sub-merged fermentation
Moubasher, AH; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71511, Egypt; Assiut University Mycological Centre (AUMC), Assiut University, Assiut 71511, Egypt
Ismail, Mady; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71511, Egypt; Assiut University Mycological Centre (AUMC), Assiut University, Assiut 71511, Egypt
Mohamed, Ramadan; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71511, Egypt
Al-Bedak, Osama; Assiut University Mycological Centre (AUMC), Assiut University, Assiut 71511, Egypt
2019-03-06 21:29:50
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/111
Xylan, extracted from oat spelts in a previous work, was assayed by HPLC and used as carbon source for the production of xylanase from Aspergillus flavus AUMC 10331. The produced xylanase was purified using ion exchange resin (IR-120 EP) and gel filtration column of Sephadex G-75 and Sephadex G-100. The purified xylanase showed total activity of 5.5 IU/ml and specific activity of 687.5 IU/mg, and the enzyme purified 156.75 fold with 4.43 % yield. The highest activity at pH 7.0 and 10.5 indicating two xylanases with the most interesting one with a maximum activity at pH 10.5 and 65 °C. The enzyme activity was greatly stimulated by 5 mM of FeSO4 and CuSO4, while slightly inhibited by other metal ions. Km and Vmax were determined as 8.36 mg/ml and 172.4 IU/min respectively.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2586103
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/114
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 1 (2019): January-March 2019; 45-56
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle from fungi, algae and bacteria
Singh, Indranil; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, India
2019-03-30 11:48:48
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/114
Silver nanoparticles are today considered as the backbone of nanotechnology industries. Since time immemorial silver along with its compound and associated salts have been walking together with human civilization. Although the silver has been known from such a long time it has not been recently that fabrication of silver nanoparticle was to be a reality. It has some prominent as well as pronounced application in the field of medicine, agriculture etc. It has very favorable and significant antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal properties. It has been found effective against many of bacteria’s such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella Typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and even against few fungus species like Candida albicans. The mode of mechanism could be possible binding of silver ions with the biomolecules present in cells. It is believed that the whole system runs over the fact that it leads to the formation of free radical along with the production of ROS i.e. reactive oxygen species, which ultimately result in apoptotic condition and hence cell could no longer replicate. There is much more application ranging from food preservation, cosmetic etc. But the physical and chemical synthesis of Ag has been inefficient to meet the demands at the same time causing lots of damage to the environment. Hence it calls for a cleaner, efficient and eco-friendly process. That space has been traveled by biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticle from plant, algae, and bacteria etc. This review takes under consideration such efforts in the last few years.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2617168
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/118
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 2 (2019): April-June 2019; 64-76
Therapeutic and pharmacological aspects of photodynamic product chlorophyllin
Chaturvedi, Divya; Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273 009, India
Singh, Kavita; Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273 009, India
Singh, Vinay Kumar; Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273 009, India
2019-04-13 16:16:20
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/118
Medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years to flavor and conserve food, to treat health disorders and to prevent diseases including epidemics. They can provide biologically active molecules and lead structures for development of modified derivatives with enhanced activity or reduced activity. The isolation and identification of active principles and elucidation of the mechanism of action of a drug is of paramount importance. One such compound is chlorophyllin, a water soluble analogue of the ubiquitous green pigment chlorophyll. It acts as an effective inhibitor of aflatoxin hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models by blocking carcinogen bioavailability. Further anti-cancer effects of chlorophyllin including antioxidant activity, inhibition of enzymatic activity that converts inert procarcinogens into active carcinogens, stimulation of enzymatic activity that promotes the elimination of toxic substances from the body and antitumor activity have likewise been evidenced by controlled studies. Phytotherapy of snails by photodynamic chlorophyllin is a new approach to control the epidemic fasciolosis. Photosensitive chlorophyllin is degraded very fast without the formation of toxic byproducts, therefore, it is environmentally sound and economically safe also.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2638869
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/121
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 1 (2019): January-March 2019; 29-33
The oldest known site of the Roman snail (Helix pomatia L.) in the Ślęża Mountain (SW Poland)
Błoszyk, Jerzy; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology AMU in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; The Natural History Collections, Faculty of Biology AMU in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Konwerski, Szymon; The Natural History Collections, Faculty of Biology AMU in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Gogol, Joanna; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology AMU in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; The Natural History Collections, Faculty of Biology AMU in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Napierała, Agnieszka; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology AMU in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
2019-03-06 22:37:28
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/121
en
Study on the distribution of the Roman snail in the Ślęża Massif was carried out in 2016. The species was recorded at the foot of the Ślęża and Radunia Mountains, on their slopes (to the 300 m a.s.l.) and at the top of the Ślęża Mountain. The slopes of the Ślęża and Radunia Mountains are covered with spruce and beech forests without undergrowth which is unfavorable for this snail. Therefore, we suspect that the population of the species on the top of the Ślęża Mountain is an isolated and the oldest population of Helix pomatia recorded in Poland.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2586109
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 2 (2019): April-June 2019; 57-63
Screening for antifungal activity of garlic (Allium sativum) powder against mycelia growth of three post-harvest pathogens
Oladele, Oluwole Olakunle; Department of Biology, Federal Universsity of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
2019-04-11 00:24:46
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/122
Screening for antifungal activity of garlic powder against mycelia growth of three post-harvest pathogens (Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Mucor species) was investigated in this study. Five grams of malt extract agar (MEA) were poured into a conical flask, 100 ml of water and different weight of garlic powder (1, 3, 5 and 7 g) were separately added, stirred and later sterilized while MEA medium with no garlic added (0 g) served as control. The mycelia of each post-harvest pathogen was cut with 6mm cork borer and placed on the solidified medium in the Petri dish and incubated at 28±2oC for 72 hours. Phytochemical screening of the garlic powder was also investigated. Results from this study showed that the different weights of the garlic powder apart from the control (0 g garlic) significantly inhibited the mycelia growth of the three post-harvest pathogens tested in the study and the order of antifungal activity of the garlic powder against mycelia growth of Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Mucor species was 7 g > 5 g > 3 g > 1 g > 0 g, 5 g > 7 g >1 g > 3 g > 0 g and 7 g > 5 g > 3 g > 1 g > 0 g respectively. The antifungal activity of the garlic powder may be related to the presence of active antimicrobial agents including alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides that were detected in the powder.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2635824
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/123
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 1 (2019): January-March 2019; 34-44
Removal of hydrocarbons from crude oil contaminated agricultural soil by phytoremediation using Mariscus alternifolius and Fimbristylis ferruginea
Chukwuma, Chukwuemeka C.; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5239, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
Ikewuchi, Jude Chigozie; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5239, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
Monanu, M. O.; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5239, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
2019-03-23 10:02:03
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/123
Crude oil extraction is one major route through which hydrocarbons are released into the environment and hydrocarbon contamination is highly hazardous to the ecosystem. This study investigated the removal of hydrocarbons from crude oil contaminated agricultural soils using Mariscus alternifolius Vahl. and Fimbristylis ferruginea plant species. Before planting, the polluted soil (negative control) had a total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of 17962.11±1000.00 mg/kg and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration of 440.97±1.00 mg/kg. Likewise, the soil oil and organic carbon contents were 3.25±0.10 ppm and 3.06±0.02% respectively. Results, 90 days after planting, indicated a significant decrease in the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations of M. alternifolius (100.82±46.31 mg/kg) and F. ferruginea (110.41±39.68 mg/kg) treated soils. Likewise, there was a significant decrease in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration of M. alternifolius treated soil (95.69±65.44 mg/kg). The oil content of the treated soils significantly decreased to 1.03±0.28 ppm and 0.84±0.33 ppm in M. alternifolius and F. ferruginea treated soils respectively, while the organic content of the treated soils significantly decreased to 2.16±0.09% and 2.20±0.20% in M. alternifolius and F. ferruginea treated soils respectively. Phytoremediation using M. alternifolius and F. ferruginea has proven to be potent in the remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil through enhancement and recovery of the polluted soil. These plant species which improved the cultivation and germination competence of the treated soils thus making the soil probable for agricultural and other related purposes are therefore recommended for used in the phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soils.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2603912
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/126
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 8 No 4 (2018): October-December 2018; 263-269
Contribution to the bryoflora of the Chochołowska Valley in the Polish Tatra Mountains
Karpiński, Tomasz M.; Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
Adamczak, Artur; Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland
Rusińska, Anna; Natural History Collections, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
2019-01-31 09:04:04
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/126
The paper presents a list of 64 moss species recorded in the Chochołowska Valley (including Wyżnia Chochołowska Valley, Jarząbcza Valley and the surrounding peaks). Detected taxa belong to 25 families. Among them, the most commonly represented are Polytrichaceae (9 species), Dicranaceae (6), Pottiaceae (6), Hylocomiaceae (5), Hypnaceae (5), Grimmiaceae (4), and Bryaceae (4). Mosses were collected from different substrates, but they usually grew on humus (37 taxa), which sometimes covered with a thin layer of granite or limestone gravel. 15 species were found on epilithic habitats, especially on limestone rocks (10), while 8 species occurred on wood or tree trunks. Some mosses occupied synanthropic habitats (6 species). For example, apophytes widely distributed in the lowlands: Tortula muralis, Dryptodon pulvinatus, and Schistidium crassipilum were recorded on the wall near the PTTK shelter on the Chochołowska Glade, whereas an oreoapophyte – Pogonatum urnigerum grew on the path in Wyżnia Chochołowska Valley.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2546974
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/127
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 154-164
Enhancement of alpha amylase production by Aspergillus flavus AUMC 11685 on mandarin (Citrus reticulata) peel using submerged fermentation
Ali, Esam H.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
El-Nagdy, Mohamed A.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Al-Garni, Saleh M.; Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed, Mohamed S.; Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Rawaa, Ahmed M.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/127
Mandarin peel as submerged fermentation (SmF) source was tested for the production of alpha amylase enzyme by strain of Aspergillus flavus AUMC 11685. Incubation period, concentration of substrate, temperature, pH and size of inoculum were optimized to achieve the maximum production of alpha amylase enzyme by Aspergillus flavus using mandarin peel. The maximum production of alpha amylase enzyme by Aspergillus flavus was recorded at 4-5 days of incubation, 3% substrate concentration, inoculum concentration 10%, temperature 28-40°C and pH 4-5.5.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.818271
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/130
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 165-171
Influence of extracellular matrix on the proliferation and adhesion properties of stem cells derived from different sources
Bajek, Anna; Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Poland
Porowińska, Dorota; Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Roszkowski, Krzysztof; Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Oncological Ginecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Romanowskiej 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/130
One of the most important issues in regenerative medicine is the development of culture conditions mimicking the natural ones, which allows obtaining a large number of cells and their long-term maintenance in undifferentiated state. In vivo, cells are surrounded by a specific microenvironment called extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays an important role in the regulation of processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation or apoptosis. In this study we assessed the influence of different extracellular matrix components (fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV, poly-D-lysine) on the in vitro adhesion and proliferation of stem cells isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue and hair follicles. Our results showed that stem cells derived from different sources present various responses to ECM components. None of the tested extracellular proteins reduced the proliferation of bone marrow as well as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, with the exception of laminin. This demonstrates the biocompatibility of such modified surfaces and possibility of using them for culturing these types of stem cells. Different results were obtained for hair follicle stem cells. The presented results indicate that ECM is an important component of the cellular niche in the tissue. It is also possible that ECM is required for the reconstitution of the niche of stem cells in vitro.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820876
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/131
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 172-190
Functional assessments and histopathology of hepatorenal tissues of rats treated with raw and processed herbs
Ojiako, Okey A.; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Chikezie, Paul C.; Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
Ukairo, Doris I.; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Ibegbulem, Chiedozie O.; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Nwaoguikpe, Reginald N.; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/131
The present study ascertained the functional integrity of hepatic and renal tissues, concurrently with blood lipid patterns, of Wistar rats infused with CCl4 and treated with raw and hydrothermal processed herbs, namely, Monodora myristica, Chromolaena odorata, Buccholzia coriacea and Sphenostylis stenocarpa. Measurement of phytochemical contents of the herbs was according to standard methods. The rats were randomly designated on the bases of diets and treatments received for 28 consecutive days. Fibrosis was induced in the Wistar rats by single dose intra-peritoneal injection of CCl4 for 2 consecutive days. Liver and kidney function tests and serum lipid profile were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Renal and hepatic tissues were subjected to histopathological examinations. The concentrations of alkaloids in the four herbal extracts were within the range of 4.83±0.03 - 31.33±0.29 mg/100 g sample, whereas the concentrations of saponins varied within a relatively narrow range: 0.33±0.09 - 4.33±0.02 mg/100 g dry sample; p > 0.05. The activity ratios of AST to ALT of the rat groups were generally less than 1.0 unit. Atherogenic indices of fibrotic rats were within the following ranges: TAG/HDL-C ratio (3.59±0.03 - 6.76±0.06), TC/HDL-C ratio (3.72±0.02 - 6.94±0.05) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (2.00±0.01 - 4.59±0.02). Losses in phytochemical contents following hydrothermal processing of the herbs did not substantially affect their overall therapeutic scores against morpho-logical and functional impairments of hepatic and renal tissues following CCl4 intoxication of the rats.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.823220
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/134
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 191-201
In vitro regeneration of plantlets from nodal explants of Aristolochia saccata and Aristolochia cathcartii
Sarma, Bhaskar; Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
Tanti, Bhaben; Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/134
In vitro propagation of Aristolochia saccata and A. cathcartii were carried out using nodal explant. In both the plants, nodal explants showed direct somatic embryogenesis when cultured on MS medium using various concentrations of BAP (1.0-4.0) and 2iP (1.0-4.0) separately or in combination with low concentration (0.5 and 1.0 mg l-1) of auxin (NAA). It was observed that BAP in combination with NAA was more effective for shoot induction than the hormones used separately. Among different combinations of NAA and BAP, 3.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l NAA showed better response in case of A. saccata of about 96%, whereas, in A. cathcartii, the best response was achieved in 4.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA after 28 day of culture and 88.3% explants showed proliferation in this combination. The auxins NAA and IBA were used singly to induce rooting from in vitro raised shoot lets. A range of concentration was tested (0.1, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/l) for rooting. In the present study 1/2 strength MS basal medium and the two different auxins (NAA and IBA) were tried, the maximum results on rooting were obtained on half strength with IBA (0.5 mg/l) then NAA.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.825746
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/136
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 202-206
Proposal for screening of kidney disease in a random population based on World Kidney Day campaign
Bacci, Marcelo Rodrigues; Department of General Practice, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Jordão, Victor do Couto Rosa; Department of General Practice, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Vasconcelos, Livia Yadoya; Department of General Practice, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Castanheira, Thiago Cavenaghi; Department of General Practice, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Bergamo, Ronaldo Roberto; Department of Nephrology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
dos Santos, Daniel Rinaldi; Department of Nephrology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Mottecy, Ana Carolina Capuano; Department of General Practice, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Azzalis, Ligia Ajaime; Department of Pharmaceutical Scienses of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Pereira, Edimar Cristiano; Department of Pharmaceutical Scienses of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Alves, Beatriz da Costa Aguiar; Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Fonseca, Fernando Luiz Affonso; Department of Pharmaceutical Scienses of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/136
Despite the advances on early screening techniques, getting to know the chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence in Brazil and worldwide remains a challenge for researchers. Aging, diabetes and hypertension are the main CKD causes in Brazil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of urinary dipstick abnormalities in World Kidney Day campaign. This is a cross-sectional studyconducted at FMABC. This study was based on the answers to a kidney disease questionnaire and urinary dipstick test. A total of 205 patients were randomly invited to collect urine samples on World Kidney Day 2013. Among the 205 studied patients, 66.34% were women with mean age of 46.32 years. Around 34.14% of the patients were hypertensive and 9.75% diabetic. Urinalysis alterations were observed in 28.29% of patients. The group with urine alterations had older individuals (51.36 years) andmore diabetes (18.96%) with higher levels of glucose (143.2 mg/dl). Brazilian population is getting older and diabetic which represent risk factors for the onset of CKD. The necessity of an early detection by means of specific campaigns is thus of great importance. The use of dipstick test for screening is an important tool for kidney disease diagnosis.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.826928
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/137
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 207-222
Incidence and significance of black aspergilli in agricultural commodities: a review, with a key to all species accepted to-date
Ismail, M. A.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, P.O. Box 71526, Assiut, Egypt; Assiut University Mycological Centre, Assiut University, P.O. Box 71526, Assiut, Egypt
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/137
Black aspergilli (Aspergillus species of Section Nigri) present dark colonies, often black, and uniseriate or biseriate conidial heads. Currently 26 species and one variety are accepted within this section. They have been isolated from a wide variety of food worldwide and are considered as common causes of food spoilage and biodeterioration of other materials. They are commonly present in cereals and vineyards and have the ability to cause Aspergillus rot of black berry. Some species of this section, like A. niger and A. awamori, are a common source of extracellular enzymes such as amylases and lipases, and organic acids, such as citric and gluconic acid, used as additives in food processing and are used for biotechnological purposes. These products hold the GRAS (Generally Recognised as Safe) status. Other species are able to produce ochratoxins (OTA) and fumonisins. This review briefly shedlighted on the taxonomy of this important group of Aspergillus along with the species incidence, mycotoxin production in agricultural commodities as well as their significance as plant pathogens. A provisional key for identification (based on phenotypic characteristics) is provided for all described species to-date.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.834504
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/152
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 2 (2019): April-June 2019; 93-103
Antifungal activity of the rhizome extracts of Pulsatilla vulgaris against Candida glabrata
Łaska, Grażyna; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
Sienkiewicz, Aneta; Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Environmental Management, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
2019-05-25 21:39:09
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/152
en
Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill. (“Pasque flower”, Ranunculaceae) is rare and a threatened plant species in Europe. It produces biologically active secondary metabolites. P. vulgaris is also known herbal drug used for centuries in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine. The rhizomes of P. vulgaris have been traditionally used for treatment of headaches, neuralgia, insomnia, hyperactivity, bacterial skin infections, septicemia, cough and bronchitis. In the present study, the extracts of leaves and rhizomes of P. vulgaris were evaluated for their antifungal, antimicrobial, antimalarial and cytotoxic activities. The results showed the antifungal activity of crude extracts of the rhizome of P. vulgaris against the yeast Candida glabrata with an IC50 of 11 µg/ml. These results indicate that the selected medicinal plant could be further investigated for identifying compounds that may be responsible for the observed activity and that may represent new leads in fungal drug discovery.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3228890
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/157
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 2 (2019): April-June 2019; 104-125
Microbial-aided phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil: a review
Aransiola, Sesan Abiodun; Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, KM 5 Ogbomoso/Iresapa Road, P.M.B. 3524, Onipanu, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Ijah, Udeme Josiah Joshua; Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria
Abioye, Olabisi Peter; Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria
Bala, J. D.; Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria
2019-06-12 16:50:24
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/157
Anthropogenic exercises as well as industrial enterprise and agricultural practices contribute considerably to the degradation and contamination of environment that considerably affects the soil. The normal physical and chemical know-how soil washing used for soil remediation render the land useless as a medium for plant growth, as they take away all biological activities. Others are labor-intensive and have high maintenance value phytoremediation, a cheaper and sustainable in situ remediation technique was so thought of. This data can enable proposing solutions to issues of contamination and eventually convalescent sites and soils. However, plants don't have the aptitude to degrade several soil waste matters particularly the organic pollutant. It's so imperative to require advantage of the degrading ability of soil microorganisms. This review so focuses on phytoremediation techniques improved by microbial colonies.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3244176
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/162
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 2 (2019): April-June 2019; 126-134
Immunological exploration based studies on Strychnos nux-vomica regarding antigen specific immune response
Gupta, Amit Joginder; Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2019-06-12 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/162
en
In an effort to determine its cytotoxicity as well as antigen specific immune activity of aqueous leaves extract of Strychnos nux-vomica using hepatitis B vaccine containing surface antigen (HBsAg; 20 µg/ml) pertaining to antibody production and scrutinize its proliferative response along with cytokines in lysed human whole blood. For these studies, phytochemical (qualitative) analysis was determined and evaluates the presence of secondary metabolites through high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and bio-inorganic fingerprinting. In addition, indirect Elisa was performed using HBsAg as coating antigen using variable doses (1-30 mg/ml) of Strychnos nux-vomica. In continuation of these immunological studies, antigen specific immune response along with cytotoxicity was determined through MTT assay in infected human whole blood using HBsAg (20 µg/ml, 50 µl). The results showed that Strychnos nux-vomica showed qualitatively as well as quantitatively determined the presence of secondary metabolites along with bio-inorganic compounds. In addition, Strychnos nux-vomica showed enhancement in anti-HBsAg IgG titre as compared to standard and control but there is sudden decline in proliferation with HBsAg and also showed decline in cytokines (IL-2 and IL-12) level at higher doses as compared to control. Our data suggest that Strychnos nux-vomica may help to raise antibodies against HBsAg but sudden decline in HBsAg proliferative response along with cytokines (IL-2 and IL-12) in infected lysed human whole blood and also showed some cytotoxic effect at higher doses. In other words, Strychnos nux-vomica could be a potent immune enhancer of B cells and inhibitor of T cells against HBsAg.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3244227
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/167
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 4 (2019): October-December 2019; 202-244
Essential oils as green pesticides of stored grain insects
Chaubey, Mukesh Kumar; Department of Zoology, National Post Graduate College, Barahalganj, Gorakhpur - 273 402, Uttar Pradesh, India
2019-11-04 22:53:36
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/167
Essential oils are naturally occurring phytochemicals produced as secondary metabolite in plants. These are complex mixtures of volatile compounds and generally contain twenty to sixty individual compounds in different concentrations. They are lipophilic in nature and have density lower than water. These interfere with basic metabolic, biochemical, physiological and behavioral functions of insects. Several essential oils and its constituents have been established for their repellent, antifeedant, ovicidal, oviposition inhibitory and developmental inhibitory activities in insects. These insecticides probably interfere with the respiratory and nervous system of the insect to exert its actions. These essential oils provide an alternative source of insect control agents because they contain a range of bioactive chemicals, most of which are selective and have little or no harmful effect on the environment and the non-target organisms including human. Essential oils based formulations can be used as alternative tools in stored-grain insect management.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528366
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/168
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 2 (2019): April-June 2019; 77-92
Optimization of copper for the improvement of in vitro plant tissue growth of Solanum nigrum
Othman, Nasim A. R. M.; Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
2019-05-15 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/168
Here was investigated the incorporation of copper in MS medium on growth, and metabolic activities of Solanum nigrum callus. Copper up to 75 µM increased the growth, and thereafter a decline was observed. No considerable alteration in MDA, H2O2, bound phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbate, and copper content was observed with the existence of 25 µM copper, then levels of these parameters were raised with rising copper concentrations. Similarly, 25 µM copper didn't induce a considerable change in lipoxygenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, however, high levels stimulated these enzymes. Copper at 25 µM didn’t considerably reduce amino acids and soluble proteins, whereas higher concentrations reduced these parameters. Copper treatments reduced the soluble carbohydrates accumulation; only 75 µM enhanced this accumulation. Copper at 25 µM significantly increased the potassium accumulation, whereas higher concentrations reduced this accumulation. From these results, it might be contemplated the optimum effect concerning copper.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2848646
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/169
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 223-233
Biological action of Piper nigrum - the king of spices
Srivastava, Arun Kumar; Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur - 273009 U.P. India
Singh, Vinay Kumar; Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur - 273009 U.P. India
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/169
Piper nigrum - the king of spices is originated in the Western Ghats of India. It has gained a global consideration because of its volume in the spice industry. It contains major pungent alkaloid piperine which is known to possess many interesting pharmacological actions. Medicinally black pepper can be used digestive disorder like large intestine toxins, different gastric problems, diarrohea and indigestion and also can be used against respiratory disorder including cold fever, asthama. Piperine exhibits diverse pharmacological activities like antihypertensive, antiplatelets, antioxidant, antitumor, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-reproductive, insecticidal activities. Piper nigrum also found to decrease lipid peroxidation in vivo. It has reported to possess antioxidant activity that might be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic contents.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.839039
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/170
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 234-244
In vitro assessment of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of endophytic fungal metabolites extracts
Moharram, A. M.; Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Zohri, A. A.; Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Omar, H. M.; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Abd El-Ghani, O. A.; Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/170
Endophytes are endosymbiotic microorganisms that act as reservoir of novel bioactive secondary metabolites with antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-cancer activities. In the present study, the extracts of 26 different endophytic fungal strains were screened for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. The results showed a wide variety of antimicrobial activities against 12 target microorganisms including three Gram (+) bacteria, three Gram (-) bacteria, 3 yeasts, 2 dermatophytic fungi and one keratinophilic fungus. Four fungal extracts (Aspergillus versicolor, A. awamori, A. niger and Penicillium funiculosum) displayed a broader antibacterial spectrum and inhibited the growth of all Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial species. The extracts of 8 endophytic fungi inhibited the growth of the two tested dermatophytic strains (Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum). Only eight fungal extracts have an inhibition activity against the keratinophilic fungal strain (Chrysosporium tropicum). The anti-inflammatory assay showed that the extracts of Emericella nidulans, Pleospora tarda and Penicillium funiculosum had good activities in inhibition of protein denaturation reached to 83%, 82.5% and 81.4%, respectively. Also, Emericella nidulans and Pleo-spora tarda recorded the maximum inhibition effect on bovine serum albumin denaturation reached to 95% and 90.7%, respectively. On the other side, Emericella nidulans showed the maximum inhibition activity (69.5%) out of all tested endophytic strains against humun red blood cells membrane stabilization assay. In conclusion some secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi have a promising potential as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.839696
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/171
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 245-254
Chrysin and its potential antineoplastic effect
Chylińska-Wrzos, Patrycja; Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
Lis-Sochocka, Marta; Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
Jodłowska-Jędrych, Barbara; Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/171
In 2012, in Europe, there were noticed over 3 million new cases of cancer and 1.75 million of deaths from cancer. Numerous anticancer agents are cytotoxic, can damage normal cells, and they can cause serious side effects. Currently, natural and non-toxic agents are being sought that reduce the cost of therapy, are more effective and targeted, and do not damage healthy cells. Chrysin which belong to flavonoids family as natural substance, has multiple anticancer activities. It has been reported that chrysin can induce apoptosis in tumour cells by different mechanism. In our work we demonstrated the potential use of chrysin in gastrointestinal, breast, cervical, and lung cancer. In conclusion it is proven that chrysin or combination of chrysin with other related drugs can effectively improve the effectiveness of anticancer therapy. Furthermore, new agents, such as nanoparticles, may show greater efficacy, and better targeting, hence, less side effects on healthy cells. Based on these results, nanochrysin it offers as new and effective drug delivery system. Moreover, it has been reported that chrysin is a potential antitumor but also an adjuvant agent that can be used in combination with other antimetastatic substances to reduce tumor metastasis.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.844470
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/172
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 3 (2017): July-September 2017; 255-270
Managing phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystem: a review
Mishra, Gaurav; Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam, 785001, India
Debnath, Sovan; Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Regional Center, Mukteshwar, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263 138, India
Rawat, Deepa; Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture , G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263 145, India
2017-09-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/172
Increasing human population placed stress on the environment, as well as shifting in land use pattern to increase food production, significantly influence the dynamics of soil organic matter and associated nutrients (phosphorus) in terrestrial ecosystems. This review is based on the published work carried out in recent years and critically examines how the P cycling occurs within different terrestrial ecosystems, possible mechanisms involved in its transformation from one form to another and gaps to be investigated. In terrestrial ecosystems P mainly occurs as phosphate ion; generally precipitated with Ca, Al and Fe under varying pH conditions and become relatively immobile in soils. In agricultural fields, change in inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) phosphorus are attributed due to fertilization and tillage while in forest and grasslands it is the matter of litter addition and its decomposition by microbes. Afforestation of grassland enhances the mineralization of organic matter and P availability through higher microbial activity, production of low molecular weight organic acids and root associations of mycorrhizae. Phosphorus losses primarily occur due to export in the form of erosion and product removal from ecosystem. Heavy export of P from terrestrial ecosystem accelerated the problem of eutrophication. Future studies should be focused on efficient practices to increase the use of accumulated surface P, estimating P bioavailability in soil and improved methods of runoff control to control P export into aquatic ecosystems. Optimization of practices and exploring novel approaches for sustainable production will maintain the enduring supply of this globally limited nutrient and reduce environmental consequences.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.854681
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/173
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 2 (2017): April-June 2017; 86-96
Raspberry pomace - composition, properties and application
Brodowska, Agnieszka Joanna; Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
2017-06-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/173
Raspberry pomace can be valorised due to its nutritionally favourable effect on human health. It is an important source of polyphenols, ellagic acid, ellagitannins, tocopherols, unsaturated fatty acids, and dietary fibre. Thus, raspberry pomace can be considered as a potential raw material to receive products rich in polyphenols or dietary fibre, which can provide healthy properties to food when used as an additive. This review presents the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of raspberry pomace. The possibilities of its usage in industry are also briefly reviewed.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.495190
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/174
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 2 (2017): April-June 2017; 97-107
Efficiency of consortium for in-situ bioremediation and CO2 evolution method of refines petroleum oil in microcosms study
Dutta, Shreyasri; Department of Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University (KGC), Haridwar, Uttrakhand-249404, India
Singh, Padma; Department of Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University (KGC), Haridwar, Uttrakhand-249404, India
2017-06-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/174
An in-situ bioremediation study was conducted in a laboratory by using mixed microbial consortium. An indigenous microbial consortium was developed by assemble of two Pseudomonas spp. and two Aspergillus spp. which were isolated from various oil contaminated sites of India. The laboratory feasibility study was conducted in a 225 m2 block. Six treatment options: Oil alone, Oil+Best remediater, Oil+Bacterial consortium, Oil+Fungal consortium, Oil+Mixed microbial consortium, Oil+Indigenous microflora. Out of five treatments, the mixed microbial consortium (Block 5) degraded 55.12% refine petroleum oil compare to degradation of bacterial (Block 3) and Fungal consortium (Block 4) (i.e, degradation rate were 19.88% and 18.07% correspondingly) after the end of treatment (60 days). Bioremediation ability of this consortium was confirmed by CO2 evolution method. The result showed that 136.36 % CO2 release after 12 days incubation. 16r DNA sequencing showed that two bacterial species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and morph taxonomical examination of fungus were Aspergillus terrus (At) and Aspergillus flavus (Af).The ability of degradation of synthetic mixture of refine petroleum oils makes the consortium potentially useful for bioremediation and microbial enhanced oil recovery.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.501069
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/175
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 2 (2017): April-June 2017; 108-123
Natural flavonoids: classification, potential role, and application of flavonoid analogues
Brodowska, Katarzyna Małgorzata; Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
2017-06-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/175
Nowadays, it is assumed that natural flavonoids occurring in fruits and plant derived-foods are relevant, not only for organoleptic properties or technological reasons, but also because of their potential health-promoting effects, as suggested by the available experimental and epidemiological studies. This large group of phenolic plant constituents can be divided into several classes: flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavones and anthocyanins depending on the differences in their structures.The beneficial biological effects are also attributed to flavonoid analogues and their metal complexes. These compounds are characterized by antioxidant, pharmacological, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, as well as therapeutic and cytotoxic properties. Furthermore, they possess a wide range of applications including various fields of industry.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.545778
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/176
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 2 (2017): April-June 2017; 124-130
Evaluation of antiplasmodial effects of the ethanolic leaf extract of Salacia lehmbachii on Plasmodium berghei infected mice
Essien, A. D.; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria
Essiet, G. A.; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria
Akuodor, G. C.; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Nwobodo, N. N.; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Akpan, J. L.; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Utsalo, S. J.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria
2017-06-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/176
Salacia lehmbachii leaves are used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria and other diseases. The ethanolic extract was tested for its activities against suppressive, prophylactic and established infections in Plasmodium berghei infected albino mice at dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; while chloroquine (10 mg/kg) was used as positive control. The extract exhibited significant dose-related antiplasmodial activities on parasites with the used-dose levels, showing significant mean survival time. The results, therefore, co-relate with claims by traditional users for the treatment of malaria and other feverish conditions; and could serve as source of potential new antimalarial agents.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.556102
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/177
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 2 (2017): April-June 2017; 131-138
Alteration in biochemical indices following administration of seafood (Thais coronata) extract
Archibong, A. N.; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Nigeria
Akwari, A. A.; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Nigeria
Ofem, O. E.; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Nigeria
Bassey, I. O.; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Nigeria
Ukweni, S. U.; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Nigeria
Eno, A. E.; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Nigeria
2017-06-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/177
Seafood consumption has been a way of life to most people especially those that leave in riverine areas, because seafoods are known to contain many nutrients that are essential for healthy living. Consequently, this research therefore seeks to investigate the effect of these nutritive components of Thais coronata on biochemical indices of albino Wistar rats. Fourty five male albino Wister rats weighing between 180-220 g were assigned into 3 groups of fifteen rats each in metabolic cages and were given rat feed and drinking water ad libitum. Two test doses (low dose 7.0 mg protein/ml and high dose 52 mg protein/ml) were selected and administered to two groups of rats orally and daily for six weeks, while a third group of rats served as the control, n = 15. At the expiration of the feeding period, blood samples were obtained from all the rats via cardiac puncture for the analysis of the various biochemical indices. Both the low and high doses of the extract produced significant increases in HDLc (P<0.001) compared with control. k (P<0.001), HCO3- (P<0.01) and Ca2+ (P<0.001) were also significantly increased in the extract treated groups. The extract groups had significant reductions in ALT (P<0.001), ALP (P<0.001), Na+ (P<0.001) and Cl- (P<0.001) compared with control. Also Tc (P<0.001), TG (P<0.001), LDL (P<0.001) and VLDLc (P<0.001) were significantly decreased in the extract treated group. In conclusion seafood consumption is of immense benefit to health because it serves to regulate the lipid profile, electrolytes and enzyme concentrations in blood.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.580788
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/178
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/178
2021-02-26T10:51:37Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 2 (2017): April-June 2017; 139-147
Occurrence and characteristics of the migrating myoelectric complex in ovine gallbladder and its relationships to the small intestinal motility
Romański, Krzysztof Waldemar; Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
2017-06-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/178
An attempt has been made to identify the migrating motility complex in the ovine gallbladder and to span it with the small-intestinal pattern. For this purpose, four rams underwent surgical implantation of bipolar electrodes into the abomasal antrum, entire small bowel and gallbladder infundibulum, corpus and fundus. The strain gauge force transducer was also mounted in the gallbladder fundus, near the electrode. In the course of chronic experiments, the myoelectrical and motor activity was recorded in fasted and non-fasted rams, with or without feeding. Cyclic myoelectrical and motor activity pattern was found in the gallbladder. It resembled the migrating myoelectric complex present in the small bowel. The gallbladder pattern was well correlated with the intestinal migrating complex. Three or four phases of this pattern could be identified in all gallbladder regions. The most characteristic phase 3-like activity was longer and more intense in the gallbladder fundus as compared with the upper gallbladder regions. In both the small bowel and gallbladder, motility alterations caused by various feeding conditions were comparable. Therefore, the migrating motility complex occurs in the ovine gallbladder, albeit its putative role can be different from that in the small bowel, at least in part.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.580794
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/179
2021-02-26T10:51:37Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/179
2021-02-26T10:51:37Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 2 (2017): April-June 2017; 148-153
In silico sequence analysis of predicted beta-amylase 7-like protein in Juglans regia L.
Sevindik, Emre; Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Adnan Menderes University, South Campus, Cakmar, Aydin, Turkey
2017-06-30 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/179
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a deciduous tree of the Juglandaceae family. Beta-amylase (β-amylase, EC 3.2.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyses hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. In this study; sequence, physicochemical, and three-dimensional analyses of predicted β-amylase 7-like protein in Juglans regia using various bioinformatic tools were conducted. The physicochemical properties of the predict β-amylase 7-like protein were analyzed by using ExPASy ProtParam tool that revealed the molecular weight (MW), Isoelectric Points (pI), total number of negatively charged residues (Asp + Glu), total number of positively charged residues (Arg + Lys), instability index, aliphatic index, and GRAVY (Grand Average of Hydropathy) values. Subcellular localization using CELLO v.2.5, putative phosphorylation sites using NetPhos 3.1 server, domain analysis using Pfam, and secondary structure prediction using SOPMA were accom-plished. To predict the 3D structure of the predict β-amylase 7-like protein, homology models were applied using PSIPRED, RAMPAGE, and PyMOL programs. The results of our study provide insight into fundamental characteristics of the predicted β-amylase 7-like protein in Juglans regia.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.583137
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/180
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/180
2021-02-26T10:51:42Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 1 (2017): January-March 2017; 1-8
Physiological responses to excess boron in wheat cultivars
Metwally, Ashraf M.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
El-Shazoly, Rasha M.; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, New Valley, Egypt
Hamada, Afaf M.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
2017-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/180
This study investigates the response of two wheat cultivars to boron toxicity stress. Plants were cultivated in sand culture and boron was applied to the culture for 10-day. Symptoms, tiller number, boron concentration, soluble sugars, proteins and other free amino acids than proline were studied. The differences between the cultivars were apparent from higher boron and the chlorosis in tolerant cultivar was about 7% compared to the sensitive one 70%. Tiller number gradual decreased in tolerant-cultivar, while in sensitive one a dramatic reduction was exhibited by increasing boron level in culture media. In most boron levels, although the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates was significantly stimulated in shoot of B-sensitive cultivar (Gemmeza 9; S), there were no appreciable differences in the production of carbohydrates in shoot of B-tolerant cultivar (Sakha 93; T). However, the soluble proteins production did not affect by most boron levels in both cultivars. The presence of boron at various concentrations induced a production of free amino acids in shoots of each of the two test cultivars. Tiller number (yield index) decreased in the two test cultivars and was in range 50-59 and 84-92% less than control plants for tolerant and sensitive cultivar, respectively.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.200373
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/181
2021-02-26T10:51:41Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/181
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 1 (2017): January-March 2017; 9-21
Nodulation and nitrogen fixation of some wild legumes from differing habitats in Egypt
Abd-Alla, Mohamed H.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Elenany, Abdelwahab E.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Mohamed, Taha R.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Zohri, Manal El; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Nafady, Ibrahim M.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
2017-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/181
This study was devoted to exploring the natural nodulation and nitrogen fixation of wild legumes grown in different Egyptian habitats. These habitats are representative to four phytogeographical regions. Sites that inhabited by Melilotus indicus, Medicago polymorpha, Trifolium resupinatum, Trigonella hamosa and Vicia sativa in each region were selected for study. High nodulation, nitrogen fixation and plant biomass were recorded in plants grown at Nile region and Oases compared with those at Mediterranean region and Sinai. The inhibition in nodulation and potential of nitrogen fixation in legumes at MR and S were attributed to drought and low soil fertility. Differences in species, regions or their interaction have significant effect on nodulation, legheamoglobin, nitroginase activity and biomass of nodules, shoots and roots; the magnitude of effect due to different species was the greatest. Five rhizobial isolates (Sinorhizobium fredii, Rhizobium mesosinicum, Rhizobium daejeonense, Rhizobium huautlense, Rhizobium alamii) recovered from root nodules of the five species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence. The indigenous rhizobia of legumes grown at MR and S expected to be exhibit higher tolerance to the existing harsh environmental conditions. These rhizobia can be used as inoculants for crop legumes under unfavorable environmental conditions of agroecosystems or recently reclaimed desert.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.224013
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/182
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/182
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 1 (2017): January-March 2017; 22-30
Optimization of lactic acid production by a novel strain, Enterococcus faecalis KY072975 isolated from infants stool in Egypt
Aboseidah, Akram A.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
Rasmey, Abdel-Hamied M.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
Osman, Magdy M.; Dairy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Kamal, Nehal; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
Desouky, Salha G.; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
2017-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/182
Production of lactic acid using a novel strain of lactic acid bacteria isolated from infants stool was investigated in the present study. Out of ten isolates, a total of five bacterial isolates were found as positive in lactic acid production. The tested bacterial isolate W7 was observed as the potent strain in lactic acid production that exhibited a halo zone of 8 mm. The bacterial isolate W7 was identified phenotypically and genotypically as Enterococcus faecalis and was deposited in GenBank with accession number KY072975. The effect of different process parameters such as initial pH of the medium, incubation temperature, inoculum size and incubation time was also monitored to enhance lactic acid production and resulted in optimum lactic acid value of 0.72 mg/ml. The salted whey was the most applicable fermentation medium for production of lactic acid by Enterococcus faecalis KY072975 and recorded 2.07 ± 0.1 mg/ml.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.242164
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/183
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/183
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 1 (2017): January-March 2017; 31-49
Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide and cerulein on ovine digestive motility under cholinergic blockade
Romański, Krzysztof W.; Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
2017-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/183
In sheep, contribution of cholinergic system to the control of gastrointestinal motility by cholecystokinin is unknown. Accordingly, in six non-fasted rams chronic experiments were conducted and the myoelectrical activity of abomasal antrum, duodenum and jejunum was recorded before and after injection of atropine (two doses), pirenzepine (two doses), hexamethonium or atropine plus hexamethonium followed or not by injection of three doses of cholecystokinin octapeptide or cerulein. In the course of the experiments performed, the anticholinergic drugs and hormones suppressed spike burst activity both in abomasal antrum and small bowel and inhibited the migrating myoelectric complex and ‘minute rhythm’. When the hormones were injected after cholinergic blockade, they induced longer inhibitory effects than cholinergic blockade alone. In the small bowel, some stimulatory effects were observed as well. The higher dose of pirenzepine and remaining anticholinergics induced rebound excitation in the small bowel, but when followed by cholecystokinin peptide administration, no rebound effect was denoted. Hexamethonium given alone or in combination with atropine followed by cholecystokinin peptide caused stronger inhibitory effect than that of atropine or pirenzepine. It is concluded that cooperation exists between the cholinergic system and cholecystokinin in the control of gastrointestinal motility in sheep and the role of nicotinic mechanisms is greater than that of muscarinic mechanisms.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.254010
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/184
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/184
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 1 (2017): January-March 2017; 50-58
Leaf biomass and leaf area equations for three planted trees in Iran
Eslamdoust, Jamshid; Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
Sohrabi, Hormoz; Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen; Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
Naseri, Bahram; Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
2017-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/184
Leaf area (LA) and leaf biomass (LB) are important variables for most physiological, horticultural and agronomic studies involving plant growth, development rate, radiation use efficiency, and water or nutrient use. Measuring these variables need destructive and aggressive sampling. Fortunately, evolving allometric equations can help for low cost and non-destructive estimation of such variables. The aims of this study are Estimate, compare and develop allometric models of LA and LB per tree and per stand for Alnus subcordata (AS), Populus deltoides (PD) and Taxodium distichum (TD) plantations. We selected 12 sample trees in each stand. Leaf Fresh weight of randomly selected branches was weighted in the field. Branch-level LA was modeled as a function of branch diameter (R2 > 0.8) and total fresh weight of LB has been calculated for each sampled tree. For each species, 100 leaves from all canopy directions of trees were randomly selected and transported to the laboratory. At the lab, leaf area has been measured using leaf area meter. Allometric equations were derived using regression analysis. For all species, derived equations showed high accuracy (R2 ranged from 0.837 to 0.947). However, with respect to mean square error, power regression equations (individual leaf area = a(L×W)b and LA or LB = a DBHb) are best models to estimate Individual Leaf Area, LA, and LB of AS, PD, and PD. The highest LAI was in the order of 16.9 > 5.5 > 4.5 for AS, PD, and TD, respectively.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.267914
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/185
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/185
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 1 (2017): January-March 2017; 59-67
Moringa oleifera Lam extract attenuates gastric ulcerations in high salt loaded rats
Ofem, O. E.; Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Ikip, E. E.; Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Archibong, A. N.; Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Chukwu, J. A. O.; Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
2017-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/185
Moringa oleifera Lam is a plant used extensively both in traditional and orthodox medicine to treat myriad ailments, including gastrointestinal disorders. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of leaf extract of M. oleifera some gastrointestinal function parameters in high salt loaded rats. Acute toxicity study was done using 70 male white mice (18-20 g) were used for the study. They were randomly selected and assigned to 7 cages of 10 animals per cage. Percentage mortalities were converted to probits and plotted against the log10 of the dose of the extract from which the LD50 value was calculated. Fresh leaf extract of M. oleifera was Soxhlet extracted. 24 albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 main groups of 6 rats each. Fed on normal rat chow, high salt (8% NaCl) diet + 1% NaCl drinking water and/or M. oleifera extract (600 mg/kg bw). The feeding regimens lasted for 42 days. Results obtained revealed that the extract had an LD50 value of 1,872.22 mg/kg from which a test dose of 600 mg/kg was derived for the feeding regimen. The salt fed rats had significantly (p<005) raised basal gastric acid output (9.03 ± 0.17 mmol/L/hr) compared with control (7.27 ± 0.17 mmol/L/hr), but had blunted response to administered histamine and cimetidine, while treatment with the extract enhanced the sensitivity of histamine in high salt loaded rats. Gastric mucus concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the salt untreated group (0.25 ± 0.004 g) compared with other groups. The salt fed untreated group also had significantly (p<0.05) raised gastric ulcers (10.83 ± 0.70) compa-red with other groups, these were reversed following Moringa treatment. In conclusion, Moringa oleifera extract reverses gastric ulcers and blunted histaminergic receptors in high salt fed rats. The mechanism by which high salt increases gastric secretion is independent of the histaminergic mechanism.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.290641
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/186
2021-02-26T10:51:39Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/186
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 1 (2017): January-March 2017; 68-75
Antioxidant response of vitamin A during the exposure of blood platelets to electromagnetic radiation generated by LCD monitors - in vitro study
Lewicka, Małgorzata; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Military Medical Faculty, Medical University, ul. Żeligowskiego 7/9, 91-752 Łódź, Poland
Zawadzka, Magdalena; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Military Medical Faculty, Medical University, ul. Żeligowskiego 7/9, 91-752 Łódź, Poland
Henrykowska, Gabriela; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Military Medical Faculty, Medical University, ul. Żeligowskiego 7/9, 91-752 Łódź, Poland
Rutkowski, Maciej; Department of Military Toxicology and Radiological Protection, Military Medical Faculty, Medical University, Łódź, Poland
Pacholski, Krzysztof; Institute of Electrical Engineering Systems, Faculty of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering, Technical University, Łódź, Poland
Buczyński, Andrzej; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Military Medical Faculty, Medical University, ul. Żeligowskiego 7/9, 91-752 Łódź, Poland
2017-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/186
The article presents the results of in vitro studies aimed at identifying changes in activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) as a parameter of oxidative stress and protective antioxidant role of vitamin A during the exposure of blood platelets to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generated by LCD monitors. Blood platelets were exposed to an electromagnetic radiation for 30 min. and 60 min. generated by monitors, which is characterized by parameters: 1 kHz frequency and 220 V/m intensity. The enzymatic activity of SOD-1 increases significantly compared to control values after 30 min. of exposure to EMR (from 2523.39 U/g protein to 3896.15 U/g protein), and decreases after 60 min (to 2846.58 U/g protein). A significant decrease in enzyme activity after the addition of vitamin A was noticed (to 1569.54 U/g protein). In samples exposed for 30 min. the SOD activity was significantly increased by addition of vitamin A and decreases after 60 min. Changes in enzymatic activity of SOD-1 dependent on exposure time and application of vitamin A suggest an important preventive role of vitamin A to protect against the effects of EMR which we are exposed to in everyday life.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.321600
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/187
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/187
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 7 No 1 (2017): January-March 2017; 76-85
Antioxidant potentialities of some strains belonging to endophytic, entomopathogenic and saprophytic fungi
Zohri, A. A.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Moharram, A. M.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Abd El-Ghani, O. A.; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
2017-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/187
Antioxidants have recently become the topic of interest as radical scavengers, which inhibit the free radical mediated processes. This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity of 100 fungal strains (26 endophytes, 42 entomopathogens and 32 saprophytes). Three different assays (reducing power, total phenolic contents and flavonoid contents) were determined and used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the fungal ethanolic extracts. The results revealed that all fungal strains under study showed antioxidant activity up to varying extent. A total of 21, 35 and 19 out of the tested endophytic, entomopathogenic and saprophytic strains, respectively, had a reducing power activity. High reducing power activities (≥ 0.6 mg/ml) were recorded by 9, 20 and 14 strains of the three tested groups, respectively. All tested strains have the ability to produce phenolic compounds with levels ranged from 0.92 to 63.44 mg/ml. The highest levels of total phenolic contents (≥ 40 mg/ml) observed in the extract of 12, 28 and 18 strains of endophytes, entomopathogens and saprophytes, respectively. Finally, all tested strains produced flavonoids with levels of 0.166 to 68.806 mg/ml. The highest flavonoid producers (formed ≥ 35 mg/ml) were only one strain of each of the endophytic and entomopathogenic fungi and three strains of saprophytic fungal group. The obtained results suggest that the tested strains, especially those of endophytes, had the potentiality as sources of strong natural and safe antioxidants for application in food and cosmetics industries.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.398829
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/192
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/192
2021-02-26T10:51:42Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 6 No 4 (2016): October-December 2016; 226-241
Bioconversion of plant wastes to β-carotene by Rhodotorula glutinis KU550702
Bagy, Magdy Mohamed Khalil; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Abd-Alla, Mohamed Hemida; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Nafady, Nivien Allam; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Morsy, Fatthy Mohamed; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Mahmoud, Ghada Abd-Elmonsef; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
2016-12-15 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/192
Microbial synthesis of β-carotene has gained more interest as an alternative to synthetic β-carotene due to easy extraction and high yield. The vitamin microbial production is mainly dependent on culture conditions and the medium compositions. In this study, the β-carotene production by the Rhodo-torula glutinis ASU6 (KU550702) was evaluated under different growth conditions and nutrient composition. Different agro-renewable wastes were tested as carbon source for R. glutinis to obtain maximum amount of β-carotene. Meanwhile, it is clear that R. glutinis could grow well on acid extract of onion peels and produced large amount of β-carotene. Initial statistical screening using a Plackett-Burman design showed temperature, incubation time, fermentation type, non-treated onion waste, KH2PO4 and L-asparagine as significantly, influencing β-carotene production. Response surface methodology was applied to determine the mutual interactions between these parameters and optimal levels for β-carotene production. The maximum value of β-carotene production was 204.29 mg/l (7.5-fold) of value observed as central point of the central composite design. All the experimental data are in good agreement with predicted ones, confirming the responsibility of the proposed empirical model in describing β-carotene production by R. glutinis. In the whole, the outcomes of this study support the exploitation of onion peels through microbial fermentation for β-carotene production.
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/194
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/194
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European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 3 (2019): July-September 2019; 165-172
Irisin - evidence for benefits resulting from physical activity
Bociek, Arkadiusz; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
2019-09-03 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/194
Irisin is a myokine with wide metabolic action, which makes it very similar to a hormone. Its serum level depends on the expression of the genes FNDC5 and PGC-1α which, in turn, are induced, among others, by physical activity, especially aerobic exercises. According to many studies, aerobic training lasting for 45-60 minutes significantly increased the level of irisin in blood or muscles, and was considerably more effective than endurance training. Irisin shows protective properties against type 2 diabetes by decreasing insulin-resistance and against atherosclerosis by the improvement of lipid profile and anti-inflammatory action. It helps patients with overweight and obesity struggle with an excess of adipose tissue, and induces the conversion of white adipose tissue to brown. It also improves metabolic profile by the acceleration of metabolism and increase in thermogenesis. This myokine reduces the risk of occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Also, the neuroprotective effect of irisin has been confirmed, which would indicate a tremendous role of physical effort in slowing down the course of neurodegenerative diseases in seniors. In addition, irisin acts through many signal pathways exerting an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-cancer effects, which is a potential therapeutic goal. Unfortunately, further studies concerning irisin are still needed before it can be clinically used. However, already now it may be the tool for psychologists working with persons suffering from overweight, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and many other disorders to motivate them for regular physical effort.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3385065
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/205
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/205
2021-02-26T10:51:13Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 3 (2019): July-September 2019; 184-192
In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activities from aqueous and methanolic extracts of cyanobacteria
Safari, Moein; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
Ahmady-Asbchin, Salman; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
Zamanifar, Pantea; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva branch, Tehran, Iran
2019-09-27 23:01:46
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/205
In this present study, antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of cyanobacteria against some of fungi and pathogenic bacteria were investigated. Cyanobacteria strains Fischerella ambigua ISC67 and Schizothrix vaginata ISC108 were cultured in BG-11 medium. Extraction was performed by adding the solvent to cyanobacterial biomass and then filtering and drying of the mixture. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method was applied to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The results show that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of F. ambigua has a significant antimicrobial effect while, the tested extracts of S. vaginata was no significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Highest antibacterial activity from aqueous extract of F. ambigua was against S. aureus (PTCC 1112) which the average zone diameter around it was 33.33 mm. The antibacterial effect of aqueous extracts against Gram-positive bacteria was more than Gram-negative bacteria significantly. Antifungal activity showed that methanolic extract of F. ambigua have significant antifungal activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration of active extract against most tested bacterial and fungal was 125 mg/ml. The present study has proved that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of F. ambigua possessed strong antibacterial and antifungal properties against the pathogenic microorganism. Therefore, cyanobacteria can be a rich source for natural products with antimicrobial activity.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3463632
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/206
2021-02-26T10:51:13Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/206
2021-02-26T10:51:13Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 3 (2019): July-September 2019; 173-183
Detection of carbapenem resistant bacteria (CRB) in Egypt
Abd El-Malek, Fady Fady; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
2019-09-15 22:28:23
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/206
The emergence of resistant bacteria has become a worldwide threat. Multidrug resistant bacteria are globally spread. Several studies were performed to detect new resistant organisms and also the genes which are responsible for their resistance. Carbapenem resistance is considered the most dangerous resistance. In this study, we detect the presence of carbapenem resistant bacteria (CRB) in Egypt. This may cause un-treatable epidemic if its organization is neglected. This study distinguished the pathogens that are carbapenemase producing due to the presence of bla-NDM gene. The results detected the presence of CRB stains such as Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Citrobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp. and E. coli. As a result from this study, it is now proved that there are CRB in Egypt, thus it must be given a great consideration and must be managed.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3408764
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/207
2021-02-26T10:51:15Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/207
2021-02-26T10:51:15Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 3 (2019): July-September 2019; 135-140
Efficacy of octenidine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains
Karpiński, Tomasz M.; Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
2019-06-18 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/207
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium causing skin and soft tissue infections, complicated urinary tract infections, blood infections, and nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections. One of the most often used antiseptics in the skin and soft tissue infections is octenidine dihydrochloride. The aim of this study was an evaluation of octenidine activity against strains of P. aeruginosa. Additionally, were compared two staining methods (TTC and MTT) for confirmation of bacterial growth. The study involved eight strains of P. aeruginosa. In order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of octenidine, the microdilution method was used. For bacterial growth detection was used staining method with 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). In the study has been demonstrated the excellent activity of octenidine against all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For all tested strains, MICs of octenidine were 0.00039% or 0.00078%, what is equivalent to 3.9 µg/ml and 7.8 µg/ml, respectively. In the study, test with MTT for three strains was more sensitive than a test with TTC. Concluding, octenidine is an antiseptic with high efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Simultaneously, it was stated that a test with MTT is more sensitive than study with TTC.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3339499
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/210
2021-02-26T10:51:14Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/210
2021-02-26T10:51:14Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 3 (2019): July-September 2019; 141-154
Traditional, nutraceutical and pharmacological approaches of Tamarindus indica (Imli)
Soni, Neelam; Malacology laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur 273009 (U.P.), India
Singh, Vinay Kumar; Malacology laboratory, Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur 273009 (U.P.), India
2019-07-18 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/210
Plants have provided a source of inspiration of novel drug compounds, as plant derived medicines have made large contributions to human health and well-being. An estimate of 75-90% of rural population of the world still relies on herbs for their healthcare. Ayurveda, supposed to be the oldest medical system in the world, provides potential leads to find active and therapeutically useful compounds from plants. Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that consumption of plant- derived foods rich in bioactive phytochemicals have a protective effect against different aliments related to human health. Tamarindus indica is having numerous reported activities like antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antivenom, antimicrobial, antihelmintic and molluscicidal properties. In spite of these medicinal values this plant is also consumed by rural people as vegetable. It also use as flavoring agent to impart flavor to various dishes and beverage. The present comprehensive review is therefore an effort to give detailed information about botanical description, phytochemical, traditional, nutraceutical and pharmacological approaches of Tamarindus indica.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3344888
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/217
2021-02-26T10:51:12Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/217
2021-02-26T10:51:12Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 4 (2019): October-December 2019; 245-258
Soil mites (Acari) of natural areas of a former military training field in Olsztyn (Poland)
Zduniak, Milena; Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology AMU, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Błoszyk, Jerzy; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology AMU, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; The Natural History Collections, Faculty of Biology AMU, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Nowak, Maciej; Laboratory of Biological Spatial Information, Faculty of Biology, AMU, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Napierała, Agnieszka; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology AMU in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań,
2019-11-10 22:56:44
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/217
Due to restricted public access to military training fields such areas are quite interesting places for conducting faunistic research that would be simply impossible in other terrains. The area examined in the present study was the former military training field in Olsztyn, with the adjacent Lasek Pieczewski and the valley of Skanda Lake. The major aim of the study was to evaluate the current state of the environment in the terrain of the former military training field and the adjacent areas. In this study mites from the suborder Uropodina and cohort Labidostommatina (Acari: Mesostigmata et Prostigmata) were used as a bioindicators. These mites are useful for this purpose because of their specific habitat preferences. The community of mites in the area under scrutiny contained 23 taxa, comparing to 34 species found in whole voivoideship, which is 68% of local species biodiversity. Oodinychus ovalis turned out to be the most numerous species (the specimens of this species constituted almost 38% of the whole community and the frequency per sample was 55%). The other quite numerous species found in the examined area were Janetiella pulchella and Oodinychus karawaiewi, which constituted over 30% of the whole community. Taking into account the number of species and their habitat preferences two most valuable areas were found: southern part of Lasek Pieczewski and Skanda Lake valley.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534449
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/218
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/218
2021-02-26T10:51:14Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 3 (2019): July-September 2019; 155-164
Lassa fever and the Nigerian experience: a review
Amodu, Samuel Ebiojo; Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Nigeria
Fapohunda, Stephen Oyedele; Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Nigeria
2019-07-18 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/218
The occurrence, transmission and intervention strategies on the Lassa fever disease in Nigeria are presented. The Lassa virus is an enveloped, single stranded, bi-segmented RNA virus that belong to the Arenaviridae family was first reported in 1969 from Lassa village, Borno State, Nigeria. The primary animal reservoir for the virus is the multi-mammate rat (Mastomys natalensis). It is transmitted to humans through the excreta of infected carrier, often via contaminated food and human-to-human transmission. The most common treatment intervention is ribavirin which carries out its function by inhibiting virus replication. Extensive investigation is being carried out to arrive at an effective vaccine. Keeping rodents out of homes and food supplies, as well as maintaining effective personal hygiene are the most viable preventive measures against the disease.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3382695
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/226
2021-02-26T10:51:14Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/226
2021-02-26T10:51:14Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 3 (2019): July-September 2019; 193-201
An overview on Parkia biglobosa starch digestibility, health benefits and some applications
Amadou, Issoufou; Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Dan Dicko Dankoulodo, Maradi, Niger
Sankhon, Abdoulaye; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Higher School of Tourism and Hotel, Konakry, Guinea
2019-07-18 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/226
African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) tree is an important food tree and source of starch from its seeds. The purpose of this work is to address the African locust bean starch extraction, in vitro digestibility, health benefits and use of its resistant starch-rich powder in application of bread making reported in the available literature. Optimized method of starch extraction from P. biglobosa seed was highlighted. In vitro digestibility of different Parkia starch obtained are of nutritional and health benefit grades. Based on the results in the literature the sensory analysis of the different portion of Parkia resistant starch-rich powder in application of bread making reported to have shown significant acceptability by the consumers in comparison with full wheat bread. This overview on Parkia starch could be a channel for food developers to rethink of using this research results in bringing up a nutritionally health benefits functional food products, especially in developing countries were malnutrition is prevalent.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3463638
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/230
2021-02-26T10:51:11Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/230
2021-02-26T10:51:11Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 4 (2019): October-December 2019; 267-275
Treatment of facial aging with calcium hydroxyapatite - filling and lifting concept
da Cunha, Marisa Gonzaga; Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, FMABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
da Cunha, Ana Lúcia Gonzaga; Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, FMABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
Gonzaga, Meire; Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, FMABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
da Veiga, Glaucia Luciano; Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, FMABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
Alves, Beatriz da Costa Aguiar; Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, FMABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
Fonseca, Fernando Luiz A.; Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, FMABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
Filho, Carlos A. Machado; Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, FMABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brasil
2019-12-10 22:26:18
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/230
The face is organized in five different layers (skin, muscles, supportive ligaments, fat pads and bones), which are continuous and interconnected with each other from the scalp to the neck. As a result of aging, changes occur in all its tissues and structures, triggering a cascade of effects in the adjacent areas. Actually, the more it is known about the loss of volume, the better it is to establish the target spots for volume replacement, with consequent more natural- and harmonious-looking outcomes. However, the skin is the outer envelope of the face, which, in the natural process of aging, has a lower capacity to completely accommodate any underlying volume loss or displacement. The result is the formation of creases and folds due to skin sagging. To describe the effects of the injection of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) targeting two objectives at the same time: the restoration of volume loss to compensate the changes in the tridimensional structure and the improvement in skin texture caused by the stimulus to collagen synthesis, thus reducing the sagging of soft tissues envelope. Owing to the mechanism of action of CaHA, its application can be done in two differentiated and little invasive ways so that these objectives can be reached simultaneously. This technique can provide safe, natural and long-lasting rejuvenating effects.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3569835
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/234
2021-02-26T10:51:11Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/234
2021-02-26T10:51:11Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 4 (2019): October-December 2019; 276-285
Ameliorating effect of quercetin against UV radiation-induced damage in Drosophila melanogaster
Majumder, Susmita; Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Asutosh College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Bandyopadhyay, Mohna; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Pal, Sandip; Department of Zoology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
Mukhopadhyay, Dalia; Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Asutosh College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
2019-12-20 22:11:45
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/234
en
Quercetin is a plant flavonoid found in various fruits, leaves such as tea, vegetables and has been extensively studied due to its antioxidative, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-neurodegenarative effects. UV radiation is harmful for human being as it may cause several complications such as skin cancer. Fruit fly (Drosophila sp.) has long been used as an arthropod model for genetics related studies. In the present study, the protective effect of quercetin is evaluated against UV-C radiation induced damage using Drosophila melanogaster. Pre-treatment with quercetin (10 µM) recovered the shortened lifespan caused by UV radiation and has also increased eclosion rate and the dose of quercetin is lower than the previously reported doses of other flavonoids. Flies subjected to moderate dose of UV radiation showed distinct abnormal characters such as incomplete abdominal pigmentation, curly wings or outstretched wings, whereas quercetin pretreatment showed no such abnormal characters or mutant phenotypes. There is a considerable amount of change in the eclosed adult fly size, pupal size and pupal migration distance as well. Gel electrophoresis study of salivary gland DNA of D. melanogaster demonstrates the efficacy of quercetin in conferring protection to DNA against UV radiation-induced damage. Therefore, it can be concluded that quercetin may act as an effective protective agent against UV radiation-induced damage.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3588543
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/237
2021-02-26T10:51:11Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/237
2021-02-26T10:51:11Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 10 No 1 (2020): January-March 2020; 1-10
Pseudomonas species from cattle dung producing extended spectrum and metallo beta-lactamases
Falodun, Olutayo Israel; Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Musa, Isaiah Baba; Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
2020-01-29 23:17:40
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/237
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock contributes to emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens co-habiting the gastro-intestinal tract of animals. This study was to determine the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (MBL) production in Pseudomonas species from cattle fecal samples. Cattle dungs were collected from the University of Ibadan Cattle Ranch and the Pseudomonas species isolated using Pseudomonas Base Agar with Pseudomonas CN Selective Supplement were identified using standard tests. Phenotypic detection of ESBL and MBL was by double disk synergy test and Ethylene Di-amine Tetra Acetic Acid Combined Disk Test respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility tests was done using the disc diffusion technique against ten antibiotics. A total of 144 Pseudomonas species were isolated and identified as P. aeruginosa (71.5%), P. fluorescens (19.4%) and P. stutzeri (9.1%) and 19 (37.1%) produced ESBL including P. aeruginosa (15), P. fluorescens (2) and P. stutzeri (2) while, one (6.7%) ESBL P. aeruginosa produced MBL. All the ESBL producers were resistant to cefotaxime and trimethoprim; resistance of P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin was 93.3% and to ceftazidime was 80.0%, while it was 13.3% (colistin) and 6.7% (imipenem). The ESBL producing P. fluorescens were resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim, likewise, the ESBL producing P. stutzeri showed resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. The production of ESBL and MBL observed among the Pseudomonas species in this study with high level of resistance to some antibiotics portend public health risk, hence a need for caution in the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3630802
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/238
2021-02-26T10:51:10Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/238
2021-02-26T10:51:10Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 10 No 2 (2020): April-June 2020; 45-56
Antifungal activity of Myrtus communis and Zygophyllum album extracts against human pathogenic fungi
Belmimoun, Asmaa; Laboratory of Research, Bioconversion, Engineering Microbiology and Health Safety, University of Mascara, Algeria
Meddah, B.; Laboratory of Research, Bioconversion, Engineering Microbiology and Health Safety, University of Mascara, Algeria
Meddah, A. T. T.; Laboratory of Research, Bioconversion, Engineering Microbiology and Health Safety, University of Mascara, Algeria
Gabaldon, J.; Food Technology Science Department, Católica San Antonio University, Murcia, Spain
Sonnet, P.; Laboratory of Glucides, Team Thera., FRE-CNRS 3517, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie, Amiens, France
2020-04-14 14:47:41
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/238
Fungal infections have been increasing in recent years due to a growing number of high-risk patients, particularly immunocompromised hosts. Currently, medicinal plants are known for their properties due to their essential oils and phenolic compounds. They have been empirically used as antimicrobial agents. So the composition of the phenolic extracts and essential oils of Myrtus communis and Zygophyllum album and their antifungal activity on Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus fungal strains were studied. In this fact, essential oils from the aerial parts of the plant were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS, for the phenolic extracts, several extraction methods with a preliminary phytochemical study were applied. The oils showed high contents of α-pinene and cineol for M. communis and verbenone and caryophyllene for the Z. album. The MIC and minimal lethal concentration were used to evaluate the antifungal activity against Candida and Aspergillus strains. Results showed that M. communis and Z. album essential oil and phenolic extracts exhibited a significant activity against clinically relevant fungi, a significant antifungal activity of the two extracts studied (MCA and ZAM) was observed on C. albicans of these, two extracts, MCA was found to be most active with an MFC value of 25 mg/ml versus 100 mg/ml for ZAM. Nevertheless, the essential oils exhibited stronger antifungal activity than the phenolic extracts. The present study indicates that the two medicinal plants have considerable antifungal activity, deserving further investigation for clinical applications.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3751202
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/240
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/240
2021-02-26T10:51:12Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 9 No 4 (2019): October-December 2019; 259-266
Lac, Kerria lacca rearing on Flemingia macrophylla with NPK fertilizer: impact on plant growth, lac yield, and lac parasitisation
Kumar, Arvind; Forest Protection Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun-248006 (Uttarakhand), India
Rani, Manju; Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi (Jharkhand), India
2019-11-04 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/240
Lac insect, Kerria lacca Kerr. is the only commercial lac producing insect in the world. This tiny insect reared commercially on many specific host plants. Lac product is a natural resin of outstanding properties which is utilized in many products worldwide. Lac insects get settled on the host tree and take their nutrition continuously from the same part. Hence, additional fertilizer application becomes most important component for sustainable host plant growth and lac cultivation. Therefore, to determine the effect of chemical fertilizers (NPK) on Flemingia macrophylla and lac productivity, present study has been conducted. The result revealed that chemical fertilizer combination N15:P5:K5 was found to be the best for Flemingia macrophylla growth which gives best lac yield and least pest infestation on Kerria lacca. The correlation study has also proved that NPK has positively influences on plant growth and lac productivity.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3551585
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/243
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/243
2021-02-26T10:51:10Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 10 No 1 (2020): January-March 2020; 26-34
Production and optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Bacillus megaterium as biodegradable plastic
Ahmady-Asbchin, Salman; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
Rezaee, Hassan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
Safari, Moein; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
Zamanifar, Pantea; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva branch, Tehran, Iran
Siyamiyan, Davood; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabonbranch, Mazandaran, Iran
2020-03-15 15:11:17
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/243
Among biodegradable plastics polyhydroxy alkanate and its polymers have received more attention than other biodegradable polymers because of their complete degradability, flexibility, water resistance and also the ease of production process. Polyhydroxybutyrate is one of the types of polyhydroxy alkanates that is seen as a storage granule in many microorganisms. In this study, Bacillus megaterium was prepared from Iranian microbial collection. Glucose and yeast extract were used as the main components of the medium in seed media 9 and 2.5 g/l and in fermentation medium 30 and 7.5 g/l respectively. GC-MASS and FTIR were used to identify the PHB produced. The results showed that the highest amount of biomass (0.221 g/l) and PHB (0.080 g/l) were obtained with glucose at 37°C and shaker speed of 150 rpm for 72 h incubation. The results of GC MASS and FTIR showed the production of PHB by Bacillus under investigation. Based on the mean of data on total cell growth conditions, the rate of cell biomass and PHB production in B. megaterium were 0.0869 and 0.0171 respectively. According to the results of the experiments, temperature had the greatest effect on biomass production and PHB production. The bioplastics produced by microbes are also highly degradable in the environment, and due to their specific chemical structure, they have been widely used in various fields of the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries and are likely to replace today's plastics in the near future.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3711400
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/247
2021-02-26T10:51:08Z
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/247
2021-02-26T10:51:08Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 10 No 2 (2020): April-June 2020; 118-131
Screening of yeasts obtained from different fermented foods for their ability to produce pectinase
Afolabi, Folake Titilayo; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Shitta, Yusuf O.; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
2020-05-15 13:26:04
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/247
In the present study, Citrus pectin was used for the production of pectinase enzyme by yeast isolates using submerged fermentation. Fifty yeasts were isolated from different fermented foods and screened for their producing ability. Candida sp. OG2 and Candida tropicalis strain AUMC 10275 were the yeast isolates with the best potential of pectinase production. Fermentation parameters such as incubation period, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen source were optimized under submerged fermentation. The optimal conditions for pectinase production were found to be incubation time 48 hours, pH 6.0 and temperature 40°C. Citrus pectin best induced the production of pectinase while yeast extract/peptone (1:1) was the best source of nitrogen. Pectinase produced by Candida tropicalis strain AUMC 10275 was purified at 4.00 folds with a specific activity of 63.99 U/ml. The yeasts obtained from fermented foods have the ability to produce pectinase enzyme under optimized conditions and can be used for industrial purposes.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3828648
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/251
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http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/251
2021-02-26T10:51:10Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 10 No 1 (2020): January-March 2020; 35-44
Phycoremediation of water contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from a mining site in Minna, Nigeria
Abioye, Olabisi Peter; Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Niger State, Nigeria
Ezugwu, Basil Utazi; Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Niger State, Nigeria
Aransiola, Sesan Abiodun; Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, P.M.B. 3524 Onipanu, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Ojeba, Musa Innocent; Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Niger State, Nigeria
2020-03-31 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/251
This study was designed to remediate water contaminated with heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium and lead) using two green macroalgal species, Spirogyra and Cladophora. The results obtained from this study indicate that both macroalgae can be employed to adsorb and detoxify any of the three heavy metals from aqueous solution. However, it was also discovered from the study that Cladophora adsorbed and detoxified more of the cadmium and lead than arsenic as the organism had removal efficiency for cadmium and lead as 88.78% and 94.85% respectively meanwhile for arsenic it was only 23.10%. On the otherhand however, Spirogyra adsorbed more of arsenic than cadmium and lead as the organism had a record of 82.76% of arsenic compared to the 28.97% and 47.43%absorption forcadmium and lead respectively. It is therefore concluded based on the results of the present study that reclamation and reuse of water from public or industrial wastewater, or even from water contaminated as a result of precious metal mining is a huge possibility through the application of phycoremediation, using different species of micro and macroalgae.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735302
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/254
2021-02-26T10:51:09Z
ejbr:REVIEWS
driver
v2
http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/254
2021-02-26T10:51:09Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 10 No 2 (2020): April-June 2020; 81-95
Laboratory diagnostic methods and reported outbreaks of anthrax in Ethiopia
Olani, Abebe; General Bacteriology and Mycology, National Animal Health and Diagnosis and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia
Dawo, Fufa; Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology & Veterinary Public Health, Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
Lakew, Matios; General Bacteriology and Mycology, National Animal Health and Diagnosis and Investigation Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia
2020-04-28 17:00:28
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/254
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, non-motile, spore-forming bacterium. It is a globally distributed disease, having been reported from all continents that are populated heavily with animals and humans. The objectives were to review general laboratory diagnostic testing methods and reported outbreaks of anthrax in Ethiopia. Anthrax was second top zoonotic priority next to rabies and endemic in Ethiopia that may occur in May and June every year (Anthrax season) in several farming localities. Animal hosts acquire the disease through grazing, usually by ingestion or inhalation while there are three major routs of transmission: ingestion, inhalation and cutaneous. This review indicated that anthrax remains to be major public and animal health problem in Ethiopia. Although suspected cases of anthrax are reported from several districts, they are not well confirmed by laboratories. Prevention and control of anthrax in animals effectively reduces its impact on public health and the national economy. The control of anthrax outbreaks among domestic animals is primarily dependent on rapid identification and treatment of affected animals; enhanced surveillance for additional cases; implementation of control measures including quarantine, prophylaxis, vaccination and the proper disposal of dead animals with decontamination is critical.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3773896
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/256
2021-02-26T10:51:11Z
ejbr:RESEARCH
driver
v2
http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/256
2021-02-26T10:51:11Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 10 No 1 (2020): January-March 2020; 11-25
An overview of floral and faunal diversity in and around Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College Campuses, West Bengal, India
Ray, Monojit; Department of Chemistry, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
Pal, Sandip; Department of Zoology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
2020-03-03 00:00:00
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/256
The present survey based study involves the qualitative diversity of flora and fauna. The diversity assessment was carried out at two campuses of Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College. This extensive study reveals the presence of 256 floral species and 165 faunal species in and around college campuses. The huge faunal diversity is mainly due to high level of floral diversity, which establishes the area as resource-rich habitat with promising reservoir of species. This is the very first effort in exploring the natural wealth of Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College campuses.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695917
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/257
2021-02-26T10:51:09Z
ejbr:RESEARCH
driver
v2
http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/257
2021-02-26T10:51:09Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 10 No 2 (2020): April-June 2020; 74-80
Comparative pollen morphology of Calycanthaceae for their taxonomic implication
Paudel, Niroj; Department of Applied Plant Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
Heo, Kweon; Department of Applied Plant Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
2020-04-23 15:44:27
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/257
The pollen morphology of four species of Calycanthaceae is described based on the observation of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. All pollens are monad, large grain category. The pollen grain was elliptic with disulcate. Surface ornamentation is smooth. Pollen grains of each species are from the genus Sinocalycanthus, Calycanthus, Chimonanthus and Idiospermum. The basic shape of the pollen grains is elliptical. The pollen is spheroid in Calycanthaceae except in Idiospermum, which represent boat-shape. The circular shape was in polar views in Chimonanthus but equatorial shape in Sinocalycanthus. Idiospermum and Chimonanthus were smooth exine with micro-perforation but rugose exine in Sinocalycanthus and Chimonanthus.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763335
oai:ojs2.journals.tmkarpinski.com:article/258
2021-02-26T10:51:07Z
ejbr:RESEARCH
driver
v2
http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/258
2021-02-26T10:51:07Z
European Journal of Biological Research
Vol 10 No 2 (2020): April-June 2020; 150-155
Leiodinychus orbicularis (C.L. Koch, 1839) in bat boxes in Poland
Błoszyk, Jerzy; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; Natural History Collections, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Rutkowski, Tomasz; Natural History Collections, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Wojtaszyn, Grzegorz; Polish Society for Nature Conservation "Salamandra", ul. Stolarska 7/3, 60-788 Poznań, Poland
Książkiewicz-Parulska, Zofia; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Zacharyasiewicz, Michał; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Napierała, Agnieszka; Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
2020-05-20 16:32:40
url:http://www.journals.tmkarpinski.com/index.php/ejbr/article/view/258
The presented studies are the first one on the occurrence of mites in bat boxes and focuses on Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata). Investigation was carried out in Western Poland in October 2015. Guano was collected from 58 bat boxes occupied by 10 species of bats. Excrements from particular bat boxes were placed separately in string bags and transported to the laboratory. The extracted fauna was preserved in 75% ethanol and mites were identified with stereoscopic light microscope. The study revealed only one species of Uropodina mite on bat guano in the studied bat boxes, namely Leiodinychus orbicularis (C.L. Koch, 1839).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3835917
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