Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from children
Keywords:
Yersinia enterocolitica, Virulence genes, Antibiotic resistance, PCR, Yersiniosis
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a foodborne pathogen which is primarily responsible for gastrointestinal infections. The presence of the virulence genes in Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from children and antimicrobial resistance was studied in this work. The PCR, biotyping and disc diffusion method were used for analysis of Y. enterocolitica strains. Most of Y. enterocolitica strains belonged to biotype 4 and all carried ail, myfA and ystaA genes. Most of them also had the plasmid yadA gene. These genes were also detected in the strains of biotype 2, while in the two strains of biotype 1A only myfA gene was found. The blaA gene was present in all the strains of biotype 4 and 2, while blaB in the strains of biotype 2 and in some of biotype 4 strains. The presence of β-lactamase genes in Y. enterocolitica was not detected in biotype 1A. All strains were resistant to ampicillin, 76.2% and 47.6% were resistant to ticarcillin and piperacillin, respectively. Two strains (9.5%) were resistant to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and aztreonam, three (14.3%) to chloramphenicol, four (19%) to amikacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, six (28.6%) to gentamicin. A few strains of Y. enterocolitica were multidrug resistant. The Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from the faeces of children suffering from diarrhea carried virulence genes and some of them were resistant to antibiotics used in extra-intestinal yersiniosis treatment.
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References
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25. Liu C, Wang X, Chen Y, Hao H, Li X, Liang J, et al. Three Yersinia enterocolitica AmpD homologs participate in the multi-step regulation of chromosomal cephalosporinase, AmpC. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7: 1282.
26. Kot B, Rainko D. Antibiotic resistance and β-lactamases of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pigs in Poland. B Vet I Pulawy. 2009; 53: 603-607.
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29. Frazão MR, Andrade LN, Darini ALC, Falcão JP. Antimicrobial resistance and plasmid replicons in Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated in Brazil in 30 years. Braz J Infect Dis. 2017; 21(4): 477-480.
30. Fàbrega A, Vila J. Yersinia enterocolitica: pathogenesis, virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2012; 30(1): 24-32.
31. Sihvonen LM, Toivonen S, Haukka K, Kuusi M, Skurnik M, Siitonen A. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in discrimination of sporadic and outbreak-related strains of Yersinia enterocolitica. BMC Microbiol. 2011; 11: 42.
2. Anonymous. The community summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in the European Union in 2008. EFSA Journal. 2010; 10: 1496. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/ scdocs/doc/s1496.pdf. Accessed 19 October 2011.
3. Kot B, Woźniak-Kosek A, Kawiak J, Bukowski K. Application of the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of pathogenic plasmid markers of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from humans and pigs [in Polish]. Med Weter. 2001; 57(10): 727-730.
4. Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Cernela N, Hächler H, Stephan R. Yersinia enterocolitica strains associated with human infections in Switzerland 2001-2010. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012; 31(7): 1543-1550.
5. Saleh I, Barbour E, Shaib H, Harakeh S. Highly resistant Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from dairy based foods in Lebanon. IAJAA 2012; 2(1:2): 1-6.
6. Bozcal E, Uze A, Aydemir S, Skurnik M. Isolation of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains from different sources in Izmir region, Turkey. Folia Microbiol. 2015; 60(6): 523-529.
7. Terech-Majewska E, Pajdak J, Platt-Samoraj A, Szczerba-Turek A, Bancerz-Kisiel A, Grabowska K. Characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica strains potentially virulent for humans and animals in river water. J Appl Microbiol. 2016; 121(2): 554-560.
8. Milnes A, Stewart I, Clifton-Hadley FA, Davies RH, Newell DG, Sayers AR, et al. Intestinal carriage of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, thermophilic Campylobacter and Yersinia enterocolitica, in cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter in Great Britain during 2003. Epidemiol Infect. 2008; 136(6): 739-751.
9. Heesemann J, Sing A, Trulzsch K. Yersinia’s stratagem: targeting innate and adaptive immune defense. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006; 9(1): 55-61.
10. Revell PA, Miller VL. Yersinia virulence: more than a plasmid. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001; 205(2): 159-164.
11. Tennant SM, Grant TH, Robins-Browne RM. Pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2003; 38(2): 127-137.
12. Wauters G, Kandolo K, Janssens M. Revised biogrouping scheme of Yersinia enterocolitica. Contrib Microbiol Immunol. 1987; 9: 14-21.
13. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement M100-S25, 2015.
14. Harnett N, Lin YP, Krishnan C. Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiol Infect. 1996; 117(1): 59-67.
15. Gierczyński R, Jagielski M, Rastawicki W. The evaluation of the usefulness of selected virulence markers for the identification of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica strains. IV. Gene myfA and ureC [in Polish]. Med Dośw Mikrobiol. 2002; 54(4): 347-355.
16. Kapperud G, Vardund T, Skjerve E, Hornes E, Michaelsen TE. Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in foods and water by immunomagnetic separation, nested polymerase chain reactions, and colorimetric detection of amplified DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993; 59(9): 2938-2944.
17. Stock I, Heisig P, Wiedemann B. Expression of β-lactamases in Yersinia enterocolitica strains of biovars 2, 4 and 5. J Med Microbiol. 1999; 48: 1023-1027.
18. Wannet WJB, Reessink M, Brunings HA, Maas HME. Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica by a rapid and sensitive duplex PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2001; 39(12): 4483-4486.
19. Kot B, Piechota M, Jakubczak A. Analysis of occurrence of virulence genes among Yersinia enterocolitica isolates belonging to different biotypes and serotypes. Pol J Vet Sci. 2010; 13(1): 13-19.
20. Rosner BM, Stark K, Werber D. Epidemiology of reported Yersinia enterocolitica infections in Germany, 2001-2008. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10: 337.
21. Boqvist S, Pettersson H, Svensson A, Andersson Y. Sources of sporadic Yersinia enterocolitica infection in children in Sweden, 2004: a case-control study. Epidemiol Infect. 2009; 137(6): 897-905.
22. Cohen MB. Etiology and mechanisms of acute infectious diarrhea in infants in the United States. J Pediatr. 1991; 118: S34-S39.
23. Scallan E, Jones TF, Cronquist A, Thomas S, Frenzen P, Hoefer D, et al. Factors associated with seeking medical care and submitting a stool sample in estimating the burden of foodborne illness. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2006; 3(4): 432-438.
24. Frazão MR, Falcão JP. Genotypic diversity and pathogenic potential of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 2 strains isolated in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol. 2015; 118(4): 1058-1067.
25. Liu C, Wang X, Chen Y, Hao H, Li X, Liang J, et al. Three Yersinia enterocolitica AmpD homologs participate in the multi-step regulation of chromosomal cephalosporinase, AmpC. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7: 1282.
26. Kot B, Rainko D. Antibiotic resistance and β-lactamases of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pigs in Poland. B Vet I Pulawy. 2009; 53: 603-607.
27. Sharma S, Mittal S, Mallik S, Virdi JS. Molecular characterization of β-lactamase genes blaA and blaB of Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A. B Vet I Pulawy. 2009; 53: 603-607.
28. Rusak LA, dos Reis CM, Barbosa AV, Santos AF, Paixão R, Hofer E, et al. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of bio-serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica from various sources in Brazil. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2014; 8(12): 1533-1540.
29. Frazão MR, Andrade LN, Darini ALC, Falcão JP. Antimicrobial resistance and plasmid replicons in Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated in Brazil in 30 years. Braz J Infect Dis. 2017; 21(4): 477-480.
30. Fàbrega A, Vila J. Yersinia enterocolitica: pathogenesis, virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2012; 30(1): 24-32.
31. Sihvonen LM, Toivonen S, Haukka K, Kuusi M, Skurnik M, Siitonen A. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in discrimination of sporadic and outbreak-related strains of Yersinia enterocolitica. BMC Microbiol. 2011; 11: 42.
Published
2017-12-31
How to Cite
(1)
Kot, B.; Piechota, M.; Jakubiak, K. Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Yersinia Enterocolitica Strains Isolated from Children. European Journal of Biological Research 2017, 7, 366-373.
Section
Research Articles
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