Effects of extraction solvents on polyphenols content and biological activity of Ajuga iva extracts
Keywords:
Antioxidant activity, Polyphenols, Composition, Ajuga iva
Abstract
Different solvent systems have been used for the extraction of polyphenols from plant material, however, the appropriate solvent system is more effective for extracting the total phenolic of any plant extract and evaluating the antibacterial activity is not determined yet. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the most effective solvent for extraction and characterization of polyphenols as well as antibacterial activity of the aerial parts Ajuga iva extracts. The Soxhlet method was devised to extract polyphenols from aerials parts of Ajuga iva powders, for this matter, three different solvents were used In order to analyze and quantify the result an in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the various plant extracts was carried out. The preliminary evaluation of the chemical composition made it possible to highlight the presence of some chemical groups. The quantitative determination of polyphenols is twofold, first the dichloromethanic extract contains the highest levels of polyphenols (3.38 mg GAE/g), second the ethanolic extract contains the highest levels of flavonoids (6.59 mg CE/g DW) and tannins (14.58 mg CE/g DW). On other hand, a remarkable antibacterial activity of some tested extracts was detected. The results showed that solvents with different polarities significantly affected polyphenol content and antibacterial activity.
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References
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27. Bouyahya A, Abrini J, El-Baabou A, Bakri Y, Dakka N. Determination of phenol content and antibacterial activity of five medicinal plants ethanolic extracts from North-West of Morocco. J Plant Pathol Microbiol. 2016; 7: 1-4.
28. Arrar L, Diafet A, Charef N, Khennouf S, Baghiani Ab, Preventive and curative effect of the methanolic extract of Ajuga iva on collagen induced arthritis in rats. Pharmacogn Commun. 2013; 3: 17-23.
29. Bouharb H, El Badaoui K, Zair T, El amri J, Chakir S, Alaoui T. Selection of some medicinal plants from Zerhoun (central Morocco) for antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Biosci. 2014; 78: 6685-6693.
30. Hayouni EA, Abedrabba M, Bouix M, Hamdi M. The effects of solvents and extraction method on the phenolic contents and biological activities in vitro of Tunisian Quercus coccifera L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. fruit extracts. Food Chem. 2007; 105: 1126-1134.
31. Qasim M, Aziz I, Rasheed M, Gul B, Ajmal Khan M. Effect Of Extraction Solvents On Polyphenols And Antioxidant Activity Of Medicinal Halophytes. Pak J Bot. 2016; 48(2): 621-627.
32. Saad F, Mrabti HN, Sayaha K, Bouyahya A, Salhi N, Cherrahc Y, El Abbes F. Phenolic content, acute toxicity of Ajuga iva extracts and assessment of their antioxidant and carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitory effects. South Afr J Bot. 2019; 125: 381-385 .
33. Mohamed M, Zerroug ZS, Boumerfeg S, Lekhmici A. Antibacterial activity of extracts of Ajuga iva, and Teucrium polium. Adv Environ Biol. 2011; 5(2): 491-495.
34. Goulasa V, Maria A, Gomez-Caravaca, Vassiliki E, Ioannis P, Gerothanassis A, et al. Exploring the antioxidant potential of Teucrium polium extracts by HPLC–SPE–NMR and on-line radical-scavenging activity detection. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2012; 46: 104-109.
35. Sharififara F, Dehghn-Nudeh G, Mirtajaldini M. Major flavonoids with antioxidant activity from Teucrium polium L. Food Chem. 2009; 112: 885-888.
36. Taleb-Senouci DH, Ghomari KD, Bouchenak M. Antioxidant effect of Ajuga iva aqueous extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Phytother Phytopharmacol. 2009; 16(6-7): 623-631.
37. Khaled-Khodja N, Boulekbache-Makhlouf L, Madani K. Phytochemical screening of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of some Lamiaceae. Ind Crops Prod. 2014; 61: 41-48.
38. Lee OH, Lee BY. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of individual and combined phenolics in Olea europaea leaf extract. Biores Technol. 2010; 101(10): 3751-3754.
39. Goli AH, Barzegar M, Sahari MA. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of pistachio (Pistachia vera) hull extracts. Food Chem. 2004; 92: 521-525.
40. Razali N, Mat-Junit S, Abdul-Muthalib F, Subramaniam S, Abdul-Aziz A. Effects of various solvents on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica L. Food Chem. 2012; 131(2): 441-448.
41. Roby MHH, Sarhan MA, Selim KA-H, Khalel KI. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, total phenols and phenolic compounds in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), and marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) extracts. Ind Crop Prod. 2013; 43(0): 827-831.
42. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel Wissenschaf Technol. 1995; 28: 25-30.
43. Manian R, Anusuya N, Siddhuraju P, Manian S. The antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potentialof two different solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntz, Ficus bengalensis L. and Ficus racemosa L. Food Chem J. 2008; 107: 1000-1007.
44. Belmimoun A, Meddah B, Meddah ATT, Sonnet P. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and phenolic extracts of Myrtus communis and zygophyllum album from Algeria. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2016; 8(2): 510-524.
45. Kahkonen MP, Hopia AI, Heikki JV, Rauha J-P, Pihlaja K, Kujala TS. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agricult Food Chem. 1999; 47: 3954-3962.
46. Makni M, Haddar A, Kriaa W, Zeghal N. Antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of Ajuga iva leaf extracts. Int J Food Prop. 2013. 16: 756-765.
47. Wink M. Antiproliferative, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the chemical constituents of Ajuga turkestanica. Phytopharm J. 2013; 4: 1-18.
48. Çali IÖ, Cansaran A, Yildirim C. Trichome morphology of Ajuga orientalis L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh J Bot. 2014; 43: 91-95.
49. Matos FJA, Aguiar LMBA, Silva MGA. Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Vatairea macrocarpa Ducke. Acta Amazonica J. 1988; 18: 351-352.
2. Pereiraa F, Margarida A, Shirley M, Silva S, Mulhovo S, Luo X, et al. Cleistochlamys kirkii chemical constituents: Antibacterial activity and synergistic effects against resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 178: 180-187.
3. El-Hilaly J, Lyoussi B, Wibo M, Morel N. Vasorelaxant effect of the aqueous extract of Ajuga iva in rat aorta. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 93: 69-74.
4. Dirar AI, Alsaadi DHM, Wada M, Mohamed MA, Watanabe T, Devkota HP. Effects of extraction solvents on total phenolic and flavonoid contents and biological activities of extracts from Sudanese medicinal plants. South Afr J Bot. 2018; 120: 261-267.
5. Ferrari J. Contribution to the secondary metabolism knowledge of Thymelaceae and phytochemical investigation of one of them: Gnidia involucratastend. ex A. Rich. Ph.D. thesis. 2002; 242, Lausanne, France.
6. Farnsworth RN. Review on Biological and phytochemical screening of plants. J Pharm Sci. 1966; 55(3): 225-276.
7. Harborne JB. Phytochemical method. Chapman and Hall, 1973: 49-188.
8. Rizk AM. Constituents of plants growing in Qatar: A chemical survey of sixty plants. Fitoterapia. 1982; 52(2): 35-44.
9. Al-Yahya MA. Phytochemical studies of the plants used in traditional medicine of Saudi Arabia. Fitoterapia. 1986; 57(3): 179-182.
10. Silva LG, Lee IS, Kinghorm DA. Special Problems with the extraction of Plants. In: Cannell JPR (ed.), Methods in Biotechnology. Humana Press Inc, New Jersey USA. 1993: 329-363.
11. Singleton V, Rossi JA. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic. 1965; 16(3): 144-158.
12. Dewanto V, Wu X, Adom K, Liu RH. Thermal processing enhances the nutritionnel value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. J Agr Food Chem. 2002; 50: 3010-3014.
13. Sun B, Richardo-da-Silvia JM, Spranger I. Critical factors of vanillin assay for catechins and proanthocyanidins. J Agric Food Chem. 1998; 9: 4267-4274
14. Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K. Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem. 2005; 53(10): 4290-4302.
15. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Deseases. 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing EUCAST disk diffusion method.
16. Dramane S. Evaluation of the antimicrobial and anti-free radical activities of some bioactive taxa from Côte d’Ivoire. Eur J Scient Res. 2010; 40(2); 307-317.
17. Muroi H, Kubo I. Antibacterial activity of anacardic acids and totarol, alone and in combination with methicillin, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Bacteriol. 1996; 80: 387-394.
18. Jakovljević DZ, Vasić SM, Stanković MS, Čomić LR, Topuzović MD. Secondary Metabolite Content And In Vitro Biological Effects Of Ajuga Chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. Subsp. Chamaepitys. Biol Sci Belgrade. 2015; 67(4): 1195-1202.
19. Aligiannis N. Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Five Taxa of Sideritis from Greece. J Agricult Food Chem. 2001; 49(2): 811-815.
20. Bouyahyaa A, El Omarib N, Elmenyiyc N, Guaouguaoud FE, Balahbibe ME-SA, Chamkhi Y. Ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Ajuga iva (L.,) schreb. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020; 258: 10.
21. Rouibi A, Chabane D, Saidi F, Azine K. Comparative study of the activity antispasmodic of aqueous extract of Ajuga iva L. and ibuprofen in mice. Afr Sci J. 2012; 8(2): 131-137.
22. Makni M, Haddar A, Kriaa W, Zeghal N. Antioxidant, Free Radical Scavenging, and Antimicrobial Activities of Ajuga iva Leaf Extracts. Int J Food Propert. 2013; 16: 756-765.
23. Hariri A, Ouis N. Characterisation and Antibacterial Activity of the Flavonoids Extracts from Adiantum capilus-Veneris lavandula Stoechas and Ajuga Iva. J Appl Environ Biol Sci. 2016; 6(7): 69-79.
24. Amarowicz R, Pegg RB, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Barl B, Weil JA. Free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity of selected plant species from the Canadian prairies. Food Chem. 2004; 84: 551-562.
25. Bendif H, Lazali M, Harir M, Djamel M. Biological screening of Ajuga iva extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide and pressurized liquid extraction. J Med Bot. 2017; 1: 33-41.
26. Miara, Boudjeniba M, Petras RV. Biological screening of Ajuga iva extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide and pressurized liquid extraction. J Med Bot. 2017; 1: 33-41.
27. Bouyahya A, Abrini J, El-Baabou A, Bakri Y, Dakka N. Determination of phenol content and antibacterial activity of five medicinal plants ethanolic extracts from North-West of Morocco. J Plant Pathol Microbiol. 2016; 7: 1-4.
28. Arrar L, Diafet A, Charef N, Khennouf S, Baghiani Ab, Preventive and curative effect of the methanolic extract of Ajuga iva on collagen induced arthritis in rats. Pharmacogn Commun. 2013; 3: 17-23.
29. Bouharb H, El Badaoui K, Zair T, El amri J, Chakir S, Alaoui T. Selection of some medicinal plants from Zerhoun (central Morocco) for antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Biosci. 2014; 78: 6685-6693.
30. Hayouni EA, Abedrabba M, Bouix M, Hamdi M. The effects of solvents and extraction method on the phenolic contents and biological activities in vitro of Tunisian Quercus coccifera L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. fruit extracts. Food Chem. 2007; 105: 1126-1134.
31. Qasim M, Aziz I, Rasheed M, Gul B, Ajmal Khan M. Effect Of Extraction Solvents On Polyphenols And Antioxidant Activity Of Medicinal Halophytes. Pak J Bot. 2016; 48(2): 621-627.
32. Saad F, Mrabti HN, Sayaha K, Bouyahya A, Salhi N, Cherrahc Y, El Abbes F. Phenolic content, acute toxicity of Ajuga iva extracts and assessment of their antioxidant and carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitory effects. South Afr J Bot. 2019; 125: 381-385 .
33. Mohamed M, Zerroug ZS, Boumerfeg S, Lekhmici A. Antibacterial activity of extracts of Ajuga iva, and Teucrium polium. Adv Environ Biol. 2011; 5(2): 491-495.
34. Goulasa V, Maria A, Gomez-Caravaca, Vassiliki E, Ioannis P, Gerothanassis A, et al. Exploring the antioxidant potential of Teucrium polium extracts by HPLC–SPE–NMR and on-line radical-scavenging activity detection. LWT Food Sci Technol. 2012; 46: 104-109.
35. Sharififara F, Dehghn-Nudeh G, Mirtajaldini M. Major flavonoids with antioxidant activity from Teucrium polium L. Food Chem. 2009; 112: 885-888.
36. Taleb-Senouci DH, Ghomari KD, Bouchenak M. Antioxidant effect of Ajuga iva aqueous extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Phytother Phytopharmacol. 2009; 16(6-7): 623-631.
37. Khaled-Khodja N, Boulekbache-Makhlouf L, Madani K. Phytochemical screening of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of some Lamiaceae. Ind Crops Prod. 2014; 61: 41-48.
38. Lee OH, Lee BY. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of individual and combined phenolics in Olea europaea leaf extract. Biores Technol. 2010; 101(10): 3751-3754.
39. Goli AH, Barzegar M, Sahari MA. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of pistachio (Pistachia vera) hull extracts. Food Chem. 2004; 92: 521-525.
40. Razali N, Mat-Junit S, Abdul-Muthalib F, Subramaniam S, Abdul-Aziz A. Effects of various solvents on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica L. Food Chem. 2012; 131(2): 441-448.
41. Roby MHH, Sarhan MA, Selim KA-H, Khalel KI. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, total phenols and phenolic compounds in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), and marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) extracts. Ind Crop Prod. 2013; 43(0): 827-831.
42. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel Wissenschaf Technol. 1995; 28: 25-30.
43. Manian R, Anusuya N, Siddhuraju P, Manian S. The antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging potentialof two different solvent extracts of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntz, Ficus bengalensis L. and Ficus racemosa L. Food Chem J. 2008; 107: 1000-1007.
44. Belmimoun A, Meddah B, Meddah ATT, Sonnet P. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and phenolic extracts of Myrtus communis and zygophyllum album from Algeria. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2016; 8(2): 510-524.
45. Kahkonen MP, Hopia AI, Heikki JV, Rauha J-P, Pihlaja K, Kujala TS. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agricult Food Chem. 1999; 47: 3954-3962.
46. Makni M, Haddar A, Kriaa W, Zeghal N. Antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and antimicrobial activities of Ajuga iva leaf extracts. Int J Food Prop. 2013. 16: 756-765.
47. Wink M. Antiproliferative, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the chemical constituents of Ajuga turkestanica. Phytopharm J. 2013; 4: 1-18.
48. Çali IÖ, Cansaran A, Yildirim C. Trichome morphology of Ajuga orientalis L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Bangladesh J Bot. 2014; 43: 91-95.
49. Matos FJA, Aguiar LMBA, Silva MGA. Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Vatairea macrocarpa Ducke. Acta Amazonica J. 1988; 18: 351-352.
Published
2022-03-31
How to Cite
(1)
Belmimoun, A.; Larbi, K.; Benoudane, S.; Belhadja, S.; Meddah, A. Effects of Extraction Solvents on Polyphenols Content and Biological Activity of Ajuga Iva Extracts. European Journal of Biological Research 2022, 12, 102-113.
Section
Research Articles
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