Efficacy of Detarium microcarpum extracts and synergistic effect of combine extract and ivermectin against Caenorhabditis elegans
Keywords:
Efficacy, Motility, Inhibition, Concentration, Extracts, Anthelmintic
Abstract
This work tested the efficacy of crude methanol and aqueous extracts from the stem bark of Detarium microcarpum and the effect of combined extract and ivermectin in vitro against the motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 and C. elegans DA1316 L4 larvae. Series of concentrations (0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/ml) of aqueous and methanolic extracts of D. microcarpum was used for the test. Counting of the motile larvae was carried out after 24 hours and 48 hours. A further test was carried out using a combination of plant extract and ivermectin. Both the aqueous and the methanolic extracts exhibited good anthelmintic activity in the inhibition of larval motility of C. elegans Bristol N2 as well of C. elegans DA1316 with a significant difference at P < 0.05 when compared to the negative control. However, a significant difference occurred between treatment with aqueous and methanolic extract at P < 0.05. The performance of the extracts was concentration and time-dependent. A combination of plant extract and ivermectin prove more potent than the pure extract against both strains of C. elegans. These extracts may be used to control parasitic nematodes including ivermectin resistant type. Treatment using combined plant anthelmintic and synthetic drugs should be encouraged as the combination was more promising. Further studies should be carried on the identification of active compounds in the extracts and studying the mode of action of the drugs on the nematodes and in vivo tests of the extract.
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References
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24. Zakari A, Kubmarawa D. In vitro cytotoxicity studies and qualitative investigation of phytochemicals of stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum (Caesalpinioideae), Echinaceae angustifolia (Compositae) and Isoberlinia doka (Fabaceae). In Vitro. 2016; 1(1):22-26
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26. Neffati N, Aloui Z, Karoui H, Guizani I, Boussaid M, Zaouali Y. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants collected from the Tunisian flora. Nat Prod Res. 2017; 31(13): 1583-1588.
27. Dailey A, Vuong QV. Effect of extraction solvents on recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties from macadamia (Macadamia tetraphylla) skin waste. Cogent Food Agricult. 2015; 1(1): 1115646.
28. Simon BI, Lidianys ML, Claudia LL, Armida AG, Daniela F, Jose LR, David DH. Solvent effects on phytochemical constituent profiles and antioxidant activities, using four different extraction formulations for analysis of Bucida buceras L. and Phoradendron californicum. BMC Res Notes. 2015; 8(1): 396.
29. Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review. Int Pharmac Sci. 2011; 1(1): 98-106.
30. Ndjonka D, Agyare C, Luersen K, Djafsia B, Achukwi D, Nukenine EN, et al. In vitro activity of Cameroonian and Ghanaian medicinal plants on parasitic (Onchocerca ochengi) and free-living (Caenorhabditis elegans) nematodes. J Helminthol. 2011; 85(3): 304-312.
31. Ndjonka D, Abladam E, Djafsia B, Ajonina-Ekoti I, Achukwi M, Liebau E. Anthelmintic activity of phenolic acids from the axlewood tree Anogeissus leiocarpus on the filarial nematode Onchocerca ochengi and drug-resistant strains of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Helminthol. 2014; 88(4): 481-488.
32. Piña-Vázquez DM, Mayoral-Peña Z, Gómez-Sánchez M, Salazar-OlivoLA, Arellano-Carbajal F. Anthelmintic effect of Psidium guajava and Tagetes erecta on wild-type and Levamisole-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans strains. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 202: 92-96.
33. Debiage RR, Gonçalves FF, Pereira AR, da Silva RG, Yoshihara E, de Mello PET. Anthelmintic potential of Psidium guajava in sheep. Planta Med. 2016; 82(1): 997.
34. Williams AR, Fryganas C, Ramsay A, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. Direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins from diverse plant sources against Ascaris suum. PloS One. 2014; 9(5): e97053.
35. Wang GX, Han J, Zhao LW, Jiang DX, Liu YT, Liu XL. Anthelmintic activity of steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla. Phytomedicine. 2010; 17(14): 1102-1105.
36. Kanojiya D, Shanker D, Sudan V, Jaiswal AK, Parashar R. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus globulus on ovine gastrointestinal nematodes. Parasitol Res. 2015; 114(1): 141-148.
37. Badar N, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Akhtar MS. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile bark and leaves. Pakistan Vet J. 2011; 31(3):185-191.
38. Eguale T, Tilahun G, Debella A, Feleke A, Makonnen E. Haemonchus contortus: in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Hedera helix. Exp Parasitol. 2007;116(4): 340-345.
39. Gilleard JS. Understanding anthelmintic resistance: the need for genomics and genetics. Int J Parasitol. 2006; 36(12): 1227-1239.
40. James CE, Hudson AL, Davey MW. Drug resistance mechanisms in helminths: is it survival of the fittest? Trends Parasitol. 2009; 25(7): 328-335.
41. Hemaiswarya S, Kruthiventi AK, Doble M. Synergism between natural products and antibiotics against infectious diseases. Phytomedicine. 2008; 15(8): 639-652.
42. Ademola IO, Eloff J. Anthelminthic activity of acetone extract and fractions of Vernonia amygdalina against Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae. Trop Animal Health Prod. 2011; 43(2): 521-527.
43. Moon SE, Kim HY, Cha JD. Synergistic effect between clove oil and its major compounds and antibiotics against oral bacteria. Arch Oral Biol. 2011; 56(9): 907-916.
2. Aderibigbe SA, Idowu SO. Anthelmintic activity of Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extracts against Haemonchus placei adult worm. J Pharm Biores. 2020; 17(1): 8-12.
3. Taylor J, Rabe T, Mcgaw L, Jäger A, Van S. Towards the scientific validation of traditional medicinal plants. Plant Growth Regul. 2001; 34(1): 23-37.
4. Kumarasingha R, Palombo EA, Bhave M, Yeo TC, Lim DSL, Tu CL, et al. Enhancing a search for traditional medicinal plants with anthelmintic action by using wild type and stress reporter Caenorhabditis elegans strains as screening tools. Int J Parasitol. 2014; 44(5): 291-298.
5. Katiki LM, Ferreira JF, Zajac AM, Masler C, Lindsay DS, Chagas AC, Amarante AF. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to screen plant extracts and compounds as natural anthelmintics for veterinary use. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 182(2-4): 264-268.
6. Brunet S, Jackson F, Hoste H. Effects of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) extract and monomers of condensed tannins on the association of abomasal nematode larvae with fundic explants. Int J Parasitol. 2008; 38(7): 783-790.
7. Marie-Magdeleine C, Hoste H, Mahieu M, Varo H, Archimede H. In vitro effects of Cucurbita moschata seed extracts on Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol. 2009; 161(1-2): 99-105.
8. Burns AR, Luciani GM, Musso G, Bagg R, Yeo M, Zhang Y, et al. Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model for anthelmintic discovery. Nature Commun. 2015; 6(1): 1-11.
9. Holden-Dye L, Walker R. Anthelmintic drugs and nematocides: studies in Caenorhabditis elegans. WormBook: the online review of C. elegans biology. 2014; 1-29.
10. Padonou EA, Teka O, Bachmann Y, Schmidt M, Lykke AM, Sinsin B. Using species distribution models to select species resistant to climate change for ecological restoration of bowé in West Africa. Afr J Ecol. 2015; 53(1): 83-92.
11. Paton AJ, Brummitt N, Govaerts R, Harman K, Hinchcliffe S, Allkin B, Lughadha EN. Towards Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: a working list of all known plant species - progress and prospects. Taxon. 2008; 57(2): 602-611.
12. Ebi G, Afieroho O. Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Detarium microcarpum Guill and Sperr (Caesalpinioceae) seeds coat. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011; 10(3): 457-462.
13. Semde Z, Koudou J, Zongo C, Somda MK, Figueredo G, Ganou L, Traore AS. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. leaves from Burkina Faso. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Res. 2018; 9: 956-964.
14. Paritala V, Chiruvella KK., Thammineni C, Ghanta RG, Mohammed A. Phytochemicals and antimicrobial potentials of mahogany family. Rev Brasil Farmacogn. 2015; 25(1): 61-83.
15. Tadesse B, Terefe G, Kebede N, Shibeshi, W. In Vivo anti-trypanosomal activity of dichloromethane and methanol crude leaf extracts of Dovyalis abyssinica (Salicaceae) against Trypanosoma congolense. BMC Complem Altern Med. 2015; 15(1): 1-11.
16. Cocan I, Alexa E, Danciu C, Radulov I, Galuscan A, Obistioiu D, Dehelean C. Phytochemical screening and biological activity of Lamiaceae family plant extracts. Exp Therap Med. 2018; 15(2): 1863-1870.
17. Orak HH. Total antioxidant activities, phenolics, anthocyanins, polyphenoloxidase activities of selected red grape cultivars and their correlations. Scientia Horticult. 2007; 111(3): 235-241.
18. Oliveira LMB, Bevilagne CML, Cosha CZC. Anthelmintic activity of Cocos nucifera L. against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet Parasitol. 2009; 159(1): 55-59.
19. Baugh LR. To grow or not to grow: nutritional control of development during Caenorhabditis elegans L1 arrest. Genetics. 2013; 194(3): 539-555.
20. Brenner S. The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics. 1974; 77(1): 71-94.
21. Radman I, Greiss S, Chin JW. Efficient and rapid C. elegans transgenesis by bombardment and hygromycin B selection. PLoS One. 2013; 8(10): e76019.
22. Tariq K, Chishti M, Ahmad F, Shawl A. Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes. Vet Parasitol. 2009; 160(1-2): 83-88.
23. Irondi EA, Oboh G, Akindahunsi AA. Methanol extracts of Brachystegia eurycoma and Detarium microcarpum seeds flours inhibit some key enzymes linked to the pathology and complications of type 2 diabetes in vitro. Food Sci Human Wellness. 2015; 4(4):162-168.
24. Zakari A, Kubmarawa D. In vitro cytotoxicity studies and qualitative investigation of phytochemicals of stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum (Caesalpinioideae), Echinaceae angustifolia (Compositae) and Isoberlinia doka (Fabaceae). In Vitro. 2016; 1(1):22-26
25. Truong DH, Nguyen DH, Ta NTA, Bui AV, Do TH. Nguyen HC. Evaluation of the use of different solvents for phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Severinia buxifolia. J Food Quality. 2019; 9: ID 8178294.
26. Neffati N, Aloui Z, Karoui H, Guizani I, Boussaid M, Zaouali Y. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants collected from the Tunisian flora. Nat Prod Res. 2017; 31(13): 1583-1588.
27. Dailey A, Vuong QV. Effect of extraction solvents on recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties from macadamia (Macadamia tetraphylla) skin waste. Cogent Food Agricult. 2015; 1(1): 1115646.
28. Simon BI, Lidianys ML, Claudia LL, Armida AG, Daniela F, Jose LR, David DH. Solvent effects on phytochemical constituent profiles and antioxidant activities, using four different extraction formulations for analysis of Bucida buceras L. and Phoradendron californicum. BMC Res Notes. 2015; 8(1): 396.
29. Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review. Int Pharmac Sci. 2011; 1(1): 98-106.
30. Ndjonka D, Agyare C, Luersen K, Djafsia B, Achukwi D, Nukenine EN, et al. In vitro activity of Cameroonian and Ghanaian medicinal plants on parasitic (Onchocerca ochengi) and free-living (Caenorhabditis elegans) nematodes. J Helminthol. 2011; 85(3): 304-312.
31. Ndjonka D, Abladam E, Djafsia B, Ajonina-Ekoti I, Achukwi M, Liebau E. Anthelmintic activity of phenolic acids from the axlewood tree Anogeissus leiocarpus on the filarial nematode Onchocerca ochengi and drug-resistant strains of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. J Helminthol. 2014; 88(4): 481-488.
32. Piña-Vázquez DM, Mayoral-Peña Z, Gómez-Sánchez M, Salazar-OlivoLA, Arellano-Carbajal F. Anthelmintic effect of Psidium guajava and Tagetes erecta on wild-type and Levamisole-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans strains. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 202: 92-96.
33. Debiage RR, Gonçalves FF, Pereira AR, da Silva RG, Yoshihara E, de Mello PET. Anthelmintic potential of Psidium guajava in sheep. Planta Med. 2016; 82(1): 997.
34. Williams AR, Fryganas C, Ramsay A, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. Direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins from diverse plant sources against Ascaris suum. PloS One. 2014; 9(5): e97053.
35. Wang GX, Han J, Zhao LW, Jiang DX, Liu YT, Liu XL. Anthelmintic activity of steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla. Phytomedicine. 2010; 17(14): 1102-1105.
36. Kanojiya D, Shanker D, Sudan V, Jaiswal AK, Parashar R. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus globulus on ovine gastrointestinal nematodes. Parasitol Res. 2015; 114(1): 141-148.
37. Badar N, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Akhtar MS. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile bark and leaves. Pakistan Vet J. 2011; 31(3):185-191.
38. Eguale T, Tilahun G, Debella A, Feleke A, Makonnen E. Haemonchus contortus: in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Hedera helix. Exp Parasitol. 2007;116(4): 340-345.
39. Gilleard JS. Understanding anthelmintic resistance: the need for genomics and genetics. Int J Parasitol. 2006; 36(12): 1227-1239.
40. James CE, Hudson AL, Davey MW. Drug resistance mechanisms in helminths: is it survival of the fittest? Trends Parasitol. 2009; 25(7): 328-335.
41. Hemaiswarya S, Kruthiventi AK, Doble M. Synergism between natural products and antibiotics against infectious diseases. Phytomedicine. 2008; 15(8): 639-652.
42. Ademola IO, Eloff J. Anthelminthic activity of acetone extract and fractions of Vernonia amygdalina against Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae. Trop Animal Health Prod. 2011; 43(2): 521-527.
43. Moon SE, Kim HY, Cha JD. Synergistic effect between clove oil and its major compounds and antibiotics against oral bacteria. Arch Oral Biol. 2011; 56(9): 907-916.
Published
2021-02-01
How to Cite
(1)
Gagman, H.; Him, N.; Abubakar, B.; Ahmad, H. Efficacy of Detarium Microcarpum Extracts and Synergistic Effect of Combine Extract and Ivermectin Against Caenorhabditis Elegans. European Journal of Biological Research 2021, 11, 189-202.
Section
Research Articles
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