Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with nitrate reductase assay and microscopic observation drug susceptibility
Keywords:
Tuberculosis drug resistance, Mycobacterium detection NRA, MODS, Diagnosis
Abstract
The global increase in tuberculosis drug resistant which is a threat to its control, require low cost method of diagnosis and detection. Available conventional and molecular methods consume time, and are expensive for countries with high disease burden. Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA) and Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) performance to directly detect tuberculosis resistance to four drugs was evaluated. The NRA (liquid and solid) and MODS performance of smear-positive sputum samples were evaluated; Sensitivities and specificities were compared with Proportion Method (PM). Sensitivity and specificity of liquid NRA (LNRA) were 90% and 98% (rifampicin), 81.8% and 100% (isoniazid), 88.9% and 98.1% (streptomycin), and 57.1% and 94.4% (ethambuthol). Also, the sensitivity and specificity for solid NRA (SNRA) were 69.2% and 98.3% (rifampicin); 100% and 100% (isoniazid); 88.9% and 95.2% (streptomycin); 70% and 80.6% (ethambuthol). Moreover, For MODS, rifampicin and isoniazid sensitivity and specificity was 100%, it was 100% and 98.1% for streptomycin, and 71.4% and 98.2% for ethambuthol. At day 14, the results available for LNRA, SNRA and MODS were 93%, 68.5% and 100% respectively. The agreement between LNRA and PM was 97% (RIF, INH and SM) and 90% (EMB). For SNRA, it was 93% (RIF), 100% (INH), 94% (SM) and 89% (EMB). While for MODS, it was 100% (RIF and INH), 98% (SM) and 95% (EMB). Direct NRA and MODS are sensitive, reliable and fast for antituberculosis drug susceptibility; they have potential to effectively and reliably detect drug resistant tuberculosis in the low resource countries.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Barberis I, Bragazzi N, Galluzzo I, Martini M. The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of Koch’s Bacillus. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017; 58: 9-12.
2. Prasad R, Gupta N, Banka A. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: Pricinple of management. Lung India. 2018; 35: 78-81.
3. Kendall EA, Cohen T, Mitnick CD, Dowdy DW. Second line drug susceptibility testing to inform the treatment of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis: a quantitative perspective. Int J Infect Dis. 2017; 56: 185-189.
4. WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report - Multidrug-/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) Update, 2018.
5. MacNeil A, Glaziou P, Sismanidis C, Maloney S, Floyd K. Global epidemiology of tuberculosis and progress toward achieving global targets. Morbid Mortal Week Rep. 2019; 68: 11-263.
6. WHO. Global tuberculosis report. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2019.
7. Bwanga F, Hoffner S, Haile M, Joloba ML. Direct susceptibility testing for multi drug resistant tuberculosis: A meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2009; 9: 67.
8. WHO. Global tuberculosis report. World Health Organisation, 2014.
9. Bwanga F, Haile M, Joloba ML, Ochom E, Hoffner S. Direct Nitrate Reductase Assay versus Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility test for rapid detection of MDR-TB in Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(5): e19565.
10. Goloubeva VM, Lecocq P, Lassowsky F, Matthys F, Bastian I. Evaluation of Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube for direct and indirect susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from respiratory specimens in a Siberian prison hospital. J Clin Microbiol. 2001; 39: 1501-1505.
11. Johansen IS, Lundgren BA, Thomsen VØ. Direct detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens in low- and high-incidence countries by line probe assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41: 4454-4456.
12. Mayta HR, Gilman HF, Arenas T, Valencia L, Caviedes SH, Montenegro E, et al. Evaluation of PCR based universal heteroduplex generator assay as a tool for rapid detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Peru. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41: 5774-5777.
13. Jureen PJ, Werngren D, Hoffner, SE. Evaluation of the line probe assay (LiPA) for rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tubercul. 2004; 84: 311-316.
14. Skendersn G, Fry M, Prokopovica I, Greckoseja S, Broka L, Metchock B, et al. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis detection, Latvia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11: 1461-1463.
15. Angeby KK, Lisbeth K, Sven EH.. Rapid and inexpensive drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with nitrate reductase assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2002; 40: 553-555.
16. Poojary A, Nataraj G, Kanade S, et al. Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: it’s utility in resource poor settings. Ind J Med Microbiol. 2006; 24: 268-272.
17. Boum Y, Orikiriza P, Rojas-Ponce G, et al. Use of colorimetric culture methods for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from sputum samples in resource-limited settings. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51: 2273-2279.
18. Musa HR, Ambroggi M, Sonto A, Angeby KAK. Drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a nitrate reductase assay applied directly on microscopy positive sputum samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43: 3159-3161.
19. Gupta A, Sen MR, Mohapatra TM, et al. Evaluation of the performance of nitrate reductase assay for rapid drug-susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in North India. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011; 29: 20-25.
20. Ani AE, Dalyop YB, Agbaji, O, et al. Drug susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by nitrate reductase assay. J Infect Dev Count. 2009; 3: 16-19.
21. Moore DA, Mendoza JD, Gilman RH, et al. Microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay, a rapid, reliable diagnostic test for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis suitable for use in resource-poor settings. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42: 4432-4437.
22. Moore DA, Evans CA, Gilman W, et al. Microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay for the diagnosis of TB. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355: 1539-1550.
23. Caviedes L, Moore DA. Introducing MODS: a low-cost, low-tech tool for high-performance detection of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Ind J Med Microbiol. 2007; 25: 87-88.
24. Shiferaw G, Woldeamanuel Y, Gebeyhu M, Evaluation of microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay for detection of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2007; 45: 1093-1097.
25. Affolabi D, Odoun M, Sanoussi N, et al. Rapid and inexpensive detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the nitrate reductase assay using liquid medium and direct application to sputum samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46: 3243-3245.
26. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. MODS. A user guide. Microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay. Laboratory de investigacion y Desarrollo (LID) Laboratorio de investgacion en Enfermedadaes infecciosas Area de Mycobacterium. 2008.
27. Canetti G, Froman S, Grosset J, et al. Mycobacteria: laboratory methods for testing drug sensitivity and resistance. Bull World Health Org. 1963; 29: 565-578.
28. Kent PT, Kubica GP. Public health mycobacteriology: a guide for the level III laboratory. Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. 1985.
29. Adikaram CP, Perera J, Wijesundera SS. The manual mycobacteria growth indicator tube and the nitrate reductase assay for the rapid detection of rifampicin resistance of M. tuberculosis in low resource settings. BMC Infect Dis. 2012; 12: 326.
30. Syre H, Phyu S, Sandven P, et al. Rapid colorimetric method for testing susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid and rifampicin in liquid cultures. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41: 5173-5177.
31. Halwai D, Gurung R, Poudyal N, et al. Evaluation of nitrate reductase assay in 7H11 agar for diagnosis of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in eastern Nepal. Trop Med Health. 2018; 46: 26.
32. Sethi S, Sharma S, Sharma SK, et al. Drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to primary antitubercular drugs by nitrate reductase assay. Indian J Med Res. 2004; 120: 468-471.
33. Martin A, Imperiale B, Ravolonandriana P, et al. Prospective multicentre evaluation of the direct nitrate reductase assay for the rapid detection of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. J Antib Chemoter. 2013; 353: 1-4.
34. Kammoun S, Smaoui S, Marouane C, et al. Drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a nitrate reductase assay applied directly on microscopy-positive sputum samples. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2015; 4: 2002-2006.
35. Agarwal A, Katoch C, Dhole TN, et al. Evaluation of Microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay as a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive test for detection of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Indian Med J. 2019; 75: 58-64.
36. Kirwan DE, Ugarte-Gil, C, Gilman RH. Microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay for rapid diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis and detection of drug resistance. J Clin Microbiol. 2016; 54(1): 185-189.
2. Prasad R, Gupta N, Banka A. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: Pricinple of management. Lung India. 2018; 35: 78-81.
3. Kendall EA, Cohen T, Mitnick CD, Dowdy DW. Second line drug susceptibility testing to inform the treatment of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis: a quantitative perspective. Int J Infect Dis. 2017; 56: 185-189.
4. WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report - Multidrug-/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) Update, 2018.
5. MacNeil A, Glaziou P, Sismanidis C, Maloney S, Floyd K. Global epidemiology of tuberculosis and progress toward achieving global targets. Morbid Mortal Week Rep. 2019; 68: 11-263.
6. WHO. Global tuberculosis report. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2019.
7. Bwanga F, Hoffner S, Haile M, Joloba ML. Direct susceptibility testing for multi drug resistant tuberculosis: A meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2009; 9: 67.
8. WHO. Global tuberculosis report. World Health Organisation, 2014.
9. Bwanga F, Haile M, Joloba ML, Ochom E, Hoffner S. Direct Nitrate Reductase Assay versus Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility test for rapid detection of MDR-TB in Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6(5): e19565.
10. Goloubeva VM, Lecocq P, Lassowsky F, Matthys F, Bastian I. Evaluation of Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube for direct and indirect susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from respiratory specimens in a Siberian prison hospital. J Clin Microbiol. 2001; 39: 1501-1505.
11. Johansen IS, Lundgren BA, Thomsen VØ. Direct detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens in low- and high-incidence countries by line probe assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41: 4454-4456.
12. Mayta HR, Gilman HF, Arenas T, Valencia L, Caviedes SH, Montenegro E, et al. Evaluation of PCR based universal heteroduplex generator assay as a tool for rapid detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Peru. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41: 5774-5777.
13. Jureen PJ, Werngren D, Hoffner, SE. Evaluation of the line probe assay (LiPA) for rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tubercul. 2004; 84: 311-316.
14. Skendersn G, Fry M, Prokopovica I, Greckoseja S, Broka L, Metchock B, et al. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis detection, Latvia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11: 1461-1463.
15. Angeby KK, Lisbeth K, Sven EH.. Rapid and inexpensive drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with nitrate reductase assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2002; 40: 553-555.
16. Poojary A, Nataraj G, Kanade S, et al. Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: it’s utility in resource poor settings. Ind J Med Microbiol. 2006; 24: 268-272.
17. Boum Y, Orikiriza P, Rojas-Ponce G, et al. Use of colorimetric culture methods for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from sputum samples in resource-limited settings. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51: 2273-2279.
18. Musa HR, Ambroggi M, Sonto A, Angeby KAK. Drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a nitrate reductase assay applied directly on microscopy positive sputum samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43: 3159-3161.
19. Gupta A, Sen MR, Mohapatra TM, et al. Evaluation of the performance of nitrate reductase assay for rapid drug-susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in North India. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011; 29: 20-25.
20. Ani AE, Dalyop YB, Agbaji, O, et al. Drug susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by nitrate reductase assay. J Infect Dev Count. 2009; 3: 16-19.
21. Moore DA, Mendoza JD, Gilman RH, et al. Microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay, a rapid, reliable diagnostic test for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis suitable for use in resource-poor settings. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42: 4432-4437.
22. Moore DA, Evans CA, Gilman W, et al. Microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay for the diagnosis of TB. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355: 1539-1550.
23. Caviedes L, Moore DA. Introducing MODS: a low-cost, low-tech tool for high-performance detection of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Ind J Med Microbiol. 2007; 25: 87-88.
24. Shiferaw G, Woldeamanuel Y, Gebeyhu M, Evaluation of microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay for detection of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2007; 45: 1093-1097.
25. Affolabi D, Odoun M, Sanoussi N, et al. Rapid and inexpensive detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the nitrate reductase assay using liquid medium and direct application to sputum samples. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46: 3243-3245.
26. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. MODS. A user guide. Microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay. Laboratory de investigacion y Desarrollo (LID) Laboratorio de investgacion en Enfermedadaes infecciosas Area de Mycobacterium. 2008.
27. Canetti G, Froman S, Grosset J, et al. Mycobacteria: laboratory methods for testing drug sensitivity and resistance. Bull World Health Org. 1963; 29: 565-578.
28. Kent PT, Kubica GP. Public health mycobacteriology: a guide for the level III laboratory. Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. 1985.
29. Adikaram CP, Perera J, Wijesundera SS. The manual mycobacteria growth indicator tube and the nitrate reductase assay for the rapid detection of rifampicin resistance of M. tuberculosis in low resource settings. BMC Infect Dis. 2012; 12: 326.
30. Syre H, Phyu S, Sandven P, et al. Rapid colorimetric method for testing susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid and rifampicin in liquid cultures. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41: 5173-5177.
31. Halwai D, Gurung R, Poudyal N, et al. Evaluation of nitrate reductase assay in 7H11 agar for diagnosis of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in eastern Nepal. Trop Med Health. 2018; 46: 26.
32. Sethi S, Sharma S, Sharma SK, et al. Drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to primary antitubercular drugs by nitrate reductase assay. Indian J Med Res. 2004; 120: 468-471.
33. Martin A, Imperiale B, Ravolonandriana P, et al. Prospective multicentre evaluation of the direct nitrate reductase assay for the rapid detection of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. J Antib Chemoter. 2013; 353: 1-4.
34. Kammoun S, Smaoui S, Marouane C, et al. Drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a nitrate reductase assay applied directly on microscopy-positive sputum samples. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2015; 4: 2002-2006.
35. Agarwal A, Katoch C, Dhole TN, et al. Evaluation of Microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay as a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive test for detection of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Indian Med J. 2019; 75: 58-64.
36. Kirwan DE, Ugarte-Gil, C, Gilman RH. Microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay for rapid diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis and detection of drug resistance. J Clin Microbiol. 2016; 54(1): 185-189.
Published
2020-11-29
How to Cite
(1)
Falodun, O.; Cadmus, I.; Fagade, O. Direct Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis With Nitrate Reductase Assay and Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility. European Journal of Biological Research 2020, 11, 34-44.
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
