Antioxidant potentialities of some strains belonging to endophytic, entomopathogenic and saprophytic fungi
Keywords:
Antioxidant, Fungi, Flavonoids, Phenols
Abstract
Antioxidants have recently become the topic of interest as radical scavengers, which inhibit the free radical mediated processes. This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity of 100 fungal strains (26 endophytes, 42 entomopathogens and 32 saprophytes). Three different assays (reducing power, total phenolic contents and flavonoid contents) were determined and used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the fungal ethanolic extracts. The results revealed that all fungal strains under study showed antioxidant activity up to varying extent. A total of 21, 35 and 19 out of the tested endophytic, entomopathogenic and saprophytic strains, respectively, had a reducing power activity. High reducing power activities (≥ 0.6 mg/ml) were recorded by 9, 20 and 14 strains of the three tested groups, respectively. All tested strains have the ability to produce phenolic compounds with levels ranged from 0.92 to 63.44 mg/ml. The highest levels of total phenolic contents (≥ 40 mg/ml) observed in the extract of 12, 28 and 18 strains of endophytes, entomopathogens and saprophytes, respectively. Finally, all tested strains produced flavonoids with levels of 0.166 to 68.806 mg/ml. The highest flavonoid producers (formed ≥ 35 mg/ml) were only one strain of each of the endophytic and entomopathogenic fungi and three strains of saprophytic fungal group. The obtained results suggest that the tested strains, especially those of endophytes, had the potentiality as sources of strong natural and safe antioxidants for application in food and cosmetics industries.
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References
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2. Wasser SP. Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002; 60(3): 258-274.
3. Schulz B, Boyle C. The endophytic continuum. Mycol Res. 2005; 109(6): 661-686.
4. Tan RX, ZouW X. Endophytes: a rich source of functional metabolites. Nat Prod Rep. 2001; 18: 448-459.
5. Fox EM, Howlett B. Secondary metabolism: regulation and role in fungal biology. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008; 11: 1-7.
6. Hawksworth DL. The Tropical fungal biota: census, pertinence, prophylaxis, and prognosis. Aspects of tropical mycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1993.
7. Petrini O. Fungal endophytes of tree leave. In: Andrews JH, Hirano SS, eds. Microbial ecology of leaves. New York, USA. Springer. 1991: 179-197.
8. Shah PA, Pell JK. Entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2003; 61: 413-423.
9. Song TY, Yen GC. Antioxidant properties of Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture. J Agric Food Chem. 2002; 50: 3322-3327.
10. Strobel G, Ford E, Worapong J, Harper JK, Arif AM, Grant DM, et al. Isopestacin, anisobenzo-furanone from Pestalotiopsis microspore possessing antifungal and antioxidant properties. Phyto-chemistry. 2002; 60(2): 179-183.
11. Yadav M, Yadav A, Yadav JP. In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of endophytic fungi isolated from Eugenia jambolana Lam. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014; 7(1): S256-S261.
12. Yang J H, Lin HC, Mau JL. Antioxidant properties of several commercial mushrooms. Food Chem. 2002; 77: 229-235.
13. Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010; 4(8): 118-126.
14. Niki E. Assessment of antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo. Free Radical Biol Med. 2010; 49(4): 503-515.
15. Apak R, Guclu K, Demirata B, Ozyurek M, Celik SE, Bektasoglu B, et al. Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay. Molecules. 2007; 12(7): 1496-1547.
16. Balasundram N, Sundram K,Samman S. Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chem. 2006; 99(1): 191-203.
17. Larson RA. The antioxidants of higher plants. Phytochemistry. 1988; 27(4): 969-978.
18. Velioglu YS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. J Agric Food Chem. 1998; 46(10): 4113-4117.
19. Devasagayam TPA, Kamat JP. Biological significance of singlet oxygen. Indian J Expl Biol. 2002; 40: 680-692.
20. Doughari JH. Phytochemicals: extraction methods, basic structures and mode of action as potential chemotherapeutic agents. In: Rao V. ed. Agri-cultural and biological sciences. InTechOpen, 2012: 1-32.
21. Mathew S, Abraham TE. Studies on the antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) bark extracts, through various in vitro models. Food Chem. 2006; 94(4): 520-528.
22. Rios MF, Pajan CMG, Galan RH, Sanchez AJM, Callado IG. Synthesis and free radical scavenging activity of a novel metabolite from the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006; 16(22): 5836-5839.
23. Huang WY, Cai YZ, Hyde KD, Corke H, Sun M. Endophytic fungi from Nerium oleander L (Apocynaceae): main constituents and antioxidant activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007; 23: 1253-1263.
24. Lingappa K, Vivekbabu CS. Production of lovastatin by solid state fermentation of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) pods using Aspergillus terreus KLVB28. Indian J Microbiol. 2005; 45(4): 283-286.
25. Chang LW, Yen WJ, Huang SC, Duh PD. Antioxidant activity of sesame coat. Food Chem. 2002; 78: 347-354.
26. Cicco N, Lanorte MT, Paraggio M, Viggiano M, Lattanzio V. A reproducible, rapid and inexpensive Folin-Ciocalteu micro-method in determining phenolics of plant methanol extracts. Microchem J. 2009; 91(1): 107-110.
27. Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem. 1999; 64: 555-559.
28. Kumar A, Chattopadhaya S. DNA damage protecting activity and antioxidant potential of Pudina extracts. Food Chem. 2007; 100: 1377-1384.
29. Chandra P, Arora DS. Antioxidant activity of fungi isolated from soil of different areas of Punjab, India. J Appl Nat Sci. 2009; 1: 123-128.
30. Kumaresan S, Karthi V, Senthilkumar V, Bala-kumar BS, Stephen A. Biochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of endophytic Fungi isolated from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) from Chennai, India. J Acad Indus Res. 2015; 3(8): 355-361.
31. Ruma K, Sunil K, Prakash HS. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cytotoxic proper-ties of fungal endophytes from Garcinia species. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013; 5(3): 889-897.
32. Aljadi AM, Kamaruddin MY. Evaluation of the phenolics contents and antioxidant capacities of two Malaysian floral honeys. Food Chem. 2004; 85: 513-518.
33. Robbins RJ. Phenolic acids in foods: an overview of analytical methodology. J Agric Food Chem. 2003; 51: 2866-2887.
34. Amarowicz R, Pegg RB, Moghaddam PR, Barl B, Weil JA. Free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity of selected plants species from the Canadian prairies. Food Chem. 2004; 84: 551-562.
35. Huang WY, Cai YZ, Hyde KD, Corke H, Sun M. Endophytic fungi from Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae): main constituents and antioxidant activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007; 23: 1253-1263.
36. Arora DS, Chandra P. In vitro antioxidant potential of some soil fungi: screening of functional compounds and their purification from Penicillium citrinum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2011; 165: 639-651.
37. Sharma R, Kumar BS. Isolation characterization and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Lamiaceae). Indian J Appl Res. 2013; 3(7): 5-10.
38. Sugiharto S, Yudiarti T, Isroli I. Assay of antioxidant potential of two filamentous fungi isolated from the Indonesian fermented dried cassava. Antioxidants. 2016; 5: 6.
39. Smith H, Doyle S, Murphy R. Filamentous fungi as a source of natural antioxidants. Food Chem. 2015; 185: 389-397.
Published
2017-03-31
How to Cite
(1)
Zohri, A.; Moharram, A.; Abd El-Ghani, O. Antioxidant Potentialities of Some Strains Belonging to Endophytic, Entomopathogenic and Saprophytic Fungi. European Journal of Biological Research 2017, 7, 76-85.
Section
Research Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
